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宋夏戰爭宋朝為什么越打越厲害,當然是靠錢打輸出啦

揭秘歷史故(gu)事 2023-06-13 00:52:19

很多人都(dou)不了解(jie)宋夏戰爭的事情,接下來跟著小編(bian)一起(qi)欣(xin)賞。

西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)原本是黨項部落,臣服于唐朝(chao),唐朝(chao)滅(mie)亡后,又先(xian)后臣服中(zhong)原王朝(chao)后周(zhou)、北(bei)宋(song)(song)。北(bei)宋(song)(song)仁宗景祐五年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1038年(nian)),黨項部落首領李元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)昊自稱皇(huang)帝,國號“大(da)夏(xia)(xia)”,史稱“西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)”,從此有了北(bei)宋(song)(song)和西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)在(zai)西(xi)北(bei)地區長達數(shu)十年(nian)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)。當時李元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)昊稱帝的(de)第(di)二年(nian),即公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1039年(nian),出兵西(xi)夏(xia)(xia),興師問罪就成為了北(bei)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)廷上下(xia)的(de)共識,第(di)一次宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)爆(bao)發(fa),但(dan)(dan)是在(zai)三川(chuan)口、好水川(chuan)等諸(zhu)多戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役中(zhong),宋(song)(song)軍皆敗,第(di)一次宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)事實上北(bei)宋(song)(song)失敗了,甚(shen)至在(zai)慶歷和議中(zhong)西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)雖取消帝號,但(dan)(dan)是北(bei)宋(song)(song)卻(que)要賞賜(si)巨額財(cai)帛。盡管北(bei)宋(song)(song)在(zai)宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)開(kai)頭(tou)取得了十分不利的(de)開(kai)局,但(dan)(dan)在(zai)后來幾次戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong),宋(song)(song)朝(chao)卻(que)越(yue)來越(yue)厲害(hai),靠(kao)的(de)是什么?自然是錢。

宋朝軍隊

宋(song)(song)朝可以說(shuo)是中(zhong)國古代歷史上經濟最發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)朝代,當時的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)并不(bu)抑制商業,大力(li)發展海外(wai)貿易(yi),甚至(zhi)(zhi)后世有說(shuo)當時北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)一國就(jiu)占了全世界(jie)22%的(de)(de)(de)GDP,雖(sui)然(ran)無法確定真(zhen)假,但是北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)(de)經濟實力(li)是有目(mu)共睹(du)的(de)(de)(de),也正是憑(ping)借如此的(de)(de)(de)經濟實力(li),讓西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)在后來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰爭中(zhong)逐漸失(shi)利,甚至(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)得不(bu)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)認慫。第一次宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰爭雖(sui)然(ran)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)失(shi)敗(bai)了,但是西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)也是慘勝,從北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)掠(lve)奪的(de)(de)(de)物資(zi)完全無法跟(gen)上戰爭的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao),多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)斷了宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)之間的(de)(de)(de)貿易(yi),使很多物資(zi)無法輸(shu)入(ru),西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)當時物價飛漲,百姓(xing)已經怨聲載道。可以說(shuo),比(bi)錢,西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)是玩不(bu)過北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)。

西夏軍隊

自(zi)第二次宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)起,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)就意識到(dao)兩面(mian)(mian)夾擊西夏(xia)(xia)的重(zhong)要性(xing),開(kai)始派人游說散居在(zai)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的羌(qiang)、蕃等部(bu)落(luo),同(tong)時(shi)以重(zhong)金鼓勵(li)吐(tu)蕃部(bu)落(luo)進攻西夏(xia)(xia),實際上西夏(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)臨著(zhu)兩面(mian)(mian)作戰(zhan)的境況。在(zai)第四次宋(song)(song)夏(xia)(xia)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中,西夏(xia)(xia)大舉入侵,兵力約二十萬(wan)人左右,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)在(zai)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)環慶路駐(zhu)軍(jun)五萬(wan),其中野戰(zhan)部(bu)隊約兩萬(wan)五千人,可另(ling)外又有(you)四千蕃兵,這些人毫無疑問(wen)也是在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)重(zhong)金之下招募而(er)來(lai)的。西夏(xia)(xia)與北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)相比,在(zai)人口上存在(zai)巨大不(bu)足,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)憑借強大的國力,可以屢敗屢戰(zhan),軍(jun)隊可以很快得(de)到(dao)補充(chong),然而(er)西夏(xia)(xia)的補充(chong)速度遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不(bu)如北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)。

宋軍城堡

真正展現北(bei)(bei)宋錢財強(qiang)大的(de)是(shi)在(zai)第四次(ci)宋夏(xia)(xia)戰爭(zheng)中的(de)平夏(xia)(xia)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰。公元1095年,宋廷中的(de)強(qiang)硬派呂惠(hui)卿擔任鄜延路經略使(shi),呂惠(hui)卿上任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后就開始主(zhu)動出擊,吸引西夏(xia)(xia)軍隊決戰,而熙(xi)河路經略使(shi)便趁(chen)機在(zai)原西夏(xia)(xia)駐軍的(de)戰略要地筑(zhu)(zhu)起堡寨。公元1097年,宋夏(xia)(xia)繼(ji)續鏖戰于(yu)天(tian)都(dou)山,宋軍各路與西夏(xia)(xia)苦戰,涇原路經略使(shi)章楶很早就準備好了筑(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)材料,動員起十(shi)萬民(min)夫,用二十(shi)二天(tian)又筑(zhu)(zhu)起一座新(xin)城(cheng)。這(zhe)兩(liang)座北(bei)(bei)宋新(xin)建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)猶如兩(liang)顆釘子陷(xian)入了西夏(xia)(xia)原本安(an)全的(de)國土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,并被命(ming)名為“平夏(xia)(xia)城(cheng)”和“靈平寨”,隱含消滅(mie)西夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。

宋軍沖鋒

卻不(bu)想這只是北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)始(shi),公元(yuan)1098年,河(he)東路(lu)奪取(qu)了(le)(le)原先被(bei)西(xi)夏(xia)占(zhan)領的(de)(de)葭(jia)蘆寨(zhai),在附近重(zhong)新筑(zhu)起了(le)(le)神泉寨(zhai),從(cong)此(ci)與平夏(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)、靈平寨(zhai)成一(yi)個三角(jiao)布防。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)成為了(le)(le)北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)滅(mie)夏(xia)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)方略,北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)不(bu)斷(duan)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng),在第四次宋(song)(song)(song)(song)夏(xia)戰爭中,在公元(yuan)1099年,宋(song)(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)就動(dong)員(yuan)超過十萬(wan)大軍,十天之內筑(zhu)成另外(wai)八座堡寨(zhai),給眾多民夫額外(wai)的(de)(de)金錢獎勵才做到了(le)(le)如(ru)此(ci)的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)。當(dang)然,北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不(bu)止于此(ci),北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)所筑(zhu)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)寨(zhai)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)步(bu)步(bu)深入西(xi)夏(xia),如(ru)同鐵索一(yi)般實現了(le)(le)對西(xi)夏(xia)的(de)(de)半包圍。到了(le)(le)公元(yuan)1099年,西(xi)夏(xia)實在吃不(bu)消,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)向北宋(song)(song)(song)(song)謝罪,降表用詞第一(yi)次謙卑,《宋(song)(song)(song)(song)史》稱“夏(xia)自平夏(xia)之敗,不(bu)復能軍,屢(lv)請命乞和”。

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