今天小編(bian)為大家帶來了一篇(pian)關于李(li)氏朝鮮和李(li)唐王朝的文章(zhang)，歡迎閱讀哦(e)~
李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)末明(ming)初由王氏(shi)(shi)(shi)高麗權(quan)(quan)臣(chen)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)桂(gui)在朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)半島建立的(de)政權(quan)(quan)，也是(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)歷史上最(zui)(zui)后一(yi)個(ge)統一(yi)的(de)封建政權(quan)(quan)。明(ming)洪武二十五年，李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)桂(gui)廢王氏(shi)(shi)(shi)高麗自立后采取了(le)“事大”的(de)戰略，向明(ming)王朝(chao)(chao)稱(cheng)臣(chen)并(bing)將擬定好的(de)幾個(ge)國號提請明(ming)太祖(zu)朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋定奪。最(zui)(zui)終，朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋一(yi)錘(chui)定音(yin)，朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)成(cheng)了(le)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)桂(gui)所建新政權(quan)(quan)的(de)國號，史稱(cheng)“李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)”。李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)國姓(xing)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)源頭對于李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)宗室的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，韓國、朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)方面是(shi)(shi)有明(ming)確文字(zi)記(ji)錄的(de)，李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)國姓(xing)為全(quan)州(zhou)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。有文字(zi)可考的(de)全(quan)州(zhou)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)先祖(zu)是(shi)(shi)新羅王朝(chao)(chao)的(de)司(si)空(kong)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)翰，更(geng)早的(de)祖(zu)先已經(jing)無法(fa)確切考證了(le)。據部分歷史學者推測，全(quan)州(zhou)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)早的(de)先祖(zu)可能是(shi)(shi)所謂“新羅六姓(xing)”中閼(e)川楊山村始祖(zu)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)謁平的(de)后人。
新羅(luo)王(wang)朝(chao)與唐(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)差(cha)不(bu)(bu)多屬于(yu)(yu)同(tong)一個(ge)時期(qi)(qi)，其北部的高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)麗曾經與唐(tang)太宗李(li)世(shi)民和唐(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗李(li)治都(dou)發生過不(bu)(bu)愉快，后(hou)來百濟、高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)麗被(bei)新羅(luo)所滅。換言(yan)之，至少從唐(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)開始(shi)，全(quan)州李(li)氏(shi)(shi)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)屬于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)宗室(shi)的分支(zhi)，他是(shi)新羅(luo)“土著(zhu)”。唐(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)國姓李(li)氏(shi)(shi)的源頭唐(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)的國姓李(li)氏(shi)(shi)的源頭也是(shi)想(xiang)當明確的，史稱“隴(long)西(xi)(xi)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)”。隴(long)西(xi)(xi)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)自秦(qin)漢時期(qi)(qi)起就(jiu)是(shi)隴(long)西(xi)(xi)地區著(zhu)名的世(shi)家大(da)族，秦(qin)名將(jiang)李(li)信、漢“飛將(jiang)軍”李(li)廣(guang)都(dou)是(shi)出自隴(long)西(xi)(xi)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)。其始(shi)祖是(shi)秦(qin)國司(si)徒李(li)曇(tan)的長子(zi)——隴(long)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)郡(jun)守李(li)崇。魏晉時期(qi)(qi)，隴(long)西(xi)(xi)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)趁(chen)亂崛起，西(xi)(xi)涼王(wang)李(li)暠建立了隴(long)西(xi)(xi)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)歷史上的第一個(ge)政(zheng)權——西(xi)(xi)涼政(zheng)權。
南北(bei)朝(chao)時(shi)期，隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成為了北(bei)朝(chao)數(shu)(shu)一數(shu)(shu)二的(de)(de)(de)豪(hao)門世(shi)(shi)家(jia)，與(yu)(yu)趙郡李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、清河(he)崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、博陵崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、范陽盧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、滎陽鄭氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、太原王氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并稱為中原五姓高門士(shi)族。在北(bei)周時(shi)期，隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾一度(du)隨波(bo)逐流、鮮(xian)卑化，被賜姓“大(da)野氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。不(bu)(bu)知道有(you)沒有(you)人注意到，在南北(bei)朝(chao)時(shi)期，李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)就(jiu)已經不(bu)(bu)止隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一家(jia)，還(huan)有(you)趙郡李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。換言之，就(jiu)算姓李(li)(li)(li)，也未見的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這還(huan)不(bu)(bu)包括非豪(hao)門世(shi)(shi)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)姓以(yi)及唐王朝(chao)被賜國姓的(de)(de)(de)臣工，如李(li)(li)(li)勣等。所(suo)以(yi)，姓李(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)一回事，更不(bu)(bu)要說是(shi)(shi)遠在朝(chao)鮮(xian)半島(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)全州(zhou)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)了。全州(zhou)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)否與(yu)(yu)隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)聯系就(jiu)目(mu)前(qian)存(cun)世(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族譜、家(jia)譜及一些史料來看，隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)幾大(da)重要分(fen)支(zhi)——所(suo)謂“隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)李(li)(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十三房支(zhi)”中沒有(you)一支(zhi)是(shi)(shi)遷徙(xi)到朝(chao)鮮(xian)半島(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)。
韓國、朝鮮方面的(de)(de)史(shi)料也沒有(you)(you)指向全州李氏(shi)(shi)來自中(zhong)國的(de)(de)記載。因(yin)(yin)此，較大可(ke)(ke)能性是(shi)(shi)二者(zhe)沒有(you)(you)關系，是(shi)(shi)獨立發展的(de)(de)兩(liang)個李氏(shi)(shi)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)們經常(chang)說(shuo)一(yi)句話——“五百(bai)年前(qian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)家”。同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)遇到一(yi)起(qi)經常(chang)會說(shuo)出(chu)這樣的(de)(de)話來，似乎同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)就是(shi)(shi)同(tong)一(yi)個祖先。其實(shi)不(bu)然(ran)，中(zhong)國的(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)，除了姒(si)、子(zi)、姬、姜(jiang)這些(xie)(xie)夏商周的(de)(de)古(gu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外，戰國、秦漢(han)之(zhi)后的(de)(de)很多姓(xing)(xing)(xing)其實(shi)都是(shi)(shi)以祖上(shang)的(de)(de)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。氏(shi)(shi)這個東西(xi)其實(shi)是(shi)(shi)相當“隨意”的(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)以以封地為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)、可(ke)(ke)以以官職(zhi)為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)，甚至(zhi)像比干的(de)(de)兒子(zi)，因(yin)(yin)為(wei)曾在長林(lin)山中(zhong)避難，于是(shi)(shi)便成了林(lin)氏(shi)(shi)，后代(dai)索性姓(xing)(xing)(xing)了林(lin)……由于中(zhong)國地域廣闊(kuo)，古(gu)代(dai)交(jiao)通又(you)非常(chang)不(bu)便，不(bu)同(tong)地域的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)取了相同(tong)的(de)(de)氏(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)極其有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能的(de)(de)，這些(xie)(xie)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)后世又(you)以氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)，于是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)宗(zong)的(de)(de)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)現了。
這(zhe)還主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)貴族之后(hou)(hou)，普(pu)通百姓(xing)(xing)根本沒有姓(xing)(xing)，后(hou)(hou)來索(suo)性隨便(bian)取一(yi)(yi)個，那就(jiu)更加什么姓(xing)(xing)都有了(le)。因此，五百年前未必就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)家，很可能同姓(xing)(xing)者根本不是(shi)(shi)同一(yi)(yi)個祖先。全(quan)州李氏(shi)(shi)與(yu)隴西(xi)李氏(shi)(shi)很可能就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)前面說(shuo)到的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)。商(shang)紂王帝辛的(de)(de)(de)胞兄箕子(zi)建立箕子(zi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)之后(hou)(hou)，給朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)半(ban)(ban)島帶去了(le)商(shang)周的(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)、氏(shi)(shi)，很可能全(quan)州李氏(shi)(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia)產生的(de)(de)(de)。或(huo)許是(shi)(shi)因為封地、或(huo)許是(shi)(shi)因為官職，又(you)或(huo)許是(shi)(shi)因為其他什么原因，李氏(shi)(shi)成為箕子(zi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)并傳(chuan)承(cheng)了(le)下(xia)去。而這(zhe)個李氏(shi)(shi)與(yu)中國的(de)(de)(de)李氏(shi)(shi)無關，它就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)半(ban)(ban)島的(de)(de)(de)“土著”姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。當然(ran)，自箕子(zi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)起，朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)半(ban)(ban)島與(yu)中國交往不斷，人員往來也相當頻繁，會不會有個別中國的(de)(de)(de)隴西(xi)李姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)裔遷居朝(chao)(chao)(chao)鮮(xian)(xian)并定(ding)居，這(zhe)個真的(de)(de)(de)很難說(shuo)。
再就(jiu)是(shi)唐王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)賜(si)姓(xing)，他能(neng)(neng)給自(zi)己(ji)人賜(si)國姓(xing)，難(nan)道(dao)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)給臣(chen)服自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外藩賜(si)國姓(xing)嗎?同(tong)樣有這種可能(neng)(neng)性。因此，我們(men)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)完全(quan)(quan)排除全(quan)(quan)州李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)與(yu)隴(long)(long)西(xi)李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系，但這種所(suo)謂聯系只是(shi)偶然(ran)因素(su)，連(lian)(lian)孤證都(dou)算(suan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上。歷史學講究孤證不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，這連(lian)(lian)孤證都(dou)算(suan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上，自(zi)然(ran)更不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立了。綜(zong)上所(suo)述(shu)，李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)朝鮮的(de)(de)(de)(de)國姓(xing)李(li)(li)與(yu)唐王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)國姓(xing)李(li)(li)雖然(ran)都(dou)是(shi)李(li)(li)姓(xing)，但全(quan)(quan)州李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)與(yu)隴(long)(long)西(xi)李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)一個概念，甚至“五百年前是(shi)一家”都(dou)談不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上。它們(men)很可能(neng)(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)自(zi)己(ji)中國和朝鮮半島獨立發展出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個同(tong)字的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。至少到目前為(wei)止，沒有任何史料或考古出(chu)土實物可以證實全(quan)(quan)州李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)源自(zi)隴(long)(long)西(xi)李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)或中國的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他李(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)。當(dang)然(ran)，偶然(ran)因素(su)是(shi)可能(neng)(neng)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但本著孤證不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，這連(lian)(lian)孤證都(dou)算(suan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上，顯(xian)然(ran)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)作為(wei)理據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
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