十年時間(jian),秦(qin)始皇(huang)怎么結束了五個多世(shi)紀的諸侯大(da)混戰?你知道嗎(ma)?不知道沒(mei)關系,小編告訴(su)你。
“勸君少罵秦(qin)始皇(huang),焚坑事業要商量。祖龍魂(hun)死(si)秦(qin)猶在,孔學名高實秕糠。百代都(dou)行秦(qin)政(zheng)法,《十批》不是(shi)好文章(zhang)。熟(shu)讀唐(tang)人《封建論》,莫從(cong)子厚返文王。”秦(qin)始皇(huang),名嬴(ying)政(zheng)。因為生(sheng)在趙(zhao)國(guo),所以(yi)又叫(jiao)趙(zhao)政(zheng)。他是(shi)最名副其實的(de)(de)“千古一帝”,他以(yi)一國(guo)之力,掃平六國(guo),僅用十年(nian)時間(jian)就統(tong)一了華夏(xia),奠定(ding)了中國(guo)最初的(de)(de)版圖。因為他的(de)(de)出現(xian),影(ying)響了中國(guo)兩千多年(nian)歷史(shi),從(cong)秦(qin)朝到(dao)清朝,可謂(wei)百代都(dou)行秦(qin)政(zheng)法,秦(qin)朝建立的(de)(de)封建制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),后代雖(sui)有變動(dong)、改(gai)革(ge),但大致上差不多。我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在實行的(de)(de)一些(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,還有不少秦(qin)代制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)影(ying)子。
秦始皇
秦國(guo)其實早有(you)統一之志,秦始(shi)皇是六國(guo)終(zhong)結者(zhe)
秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)的歷代國(guo)(guo)君英豪(hao)甚多,創建秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)的先祖秦(qin)(qin)非子名將之后,養馬出身(shen),給秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)奠定(ding)了尚武的基(ji)因。周平(ping)王東遷時(shi),秦(qin)(qin)襄公(gong)因為護駕(jia)有功,正式成為列國(guo)(guo)諸侯(hou)。春秋(qiu)之時(shi),秦(qin)(qin)穆公(gong)成為五霸之一,滅西戎十二(er)國(guo)(guo),奠定(ding)了秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)在列國(guo)(guo)中的西方(fang)霸主地位。秦(qin)(qin)孝(xiao)公(gong)時(shi),由于(yu)重用(yong)商鞅變法成功,使(shi)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)成為列國(guo)(guo)中最強大(da)的國(guo)(guo)家。孝(xiao)公(gong)以后,秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)多雄霸之主、能(neng)戰(zhan)之將、善謀(mou)之才,實際(ji)上已經開始了統一中國(guo)(guo)的進程(cheng)。
徙木立信
秦(qin)(qin)孝公的(de)(de)兒子(zi)秦(qin)(qin)惠(hui)文王是秦(qin)(qin)國第一王,嬴華、公子(zi)疾、公孫(sun)衍、張儀、魏(wei)章、司馬錯(cuo)為其(qi)羽翼,“北掃義渠,西(xi)平巴蜀,東出函谷,南下商於”,為秦(qin)(qin)國統一奠定基(ji)礎(chu);秦(qin)(qin)武(wu)王時,重(zhong)用名相甘(gan)茂(mao),大力士任鄙、烏獲、孟說(shuo)等人,平蜀亂(luan),拔宜陽,置(zhi)三(san)川,再為秦(qin)(qin)國開疆拓土(tu)。尤其(qi)甘(gan)茂(mao)久攻韓(han)國宜陽不(bu)下時,秦(qin)(qin)武(wu)王與(yu)甘(gan)茂(mao)堅(jian)持君臣所(suo)定的(de)(de)“息壤之(zhi)盟”,不(bu)顧(gu)群(qun)臣退(tui)兵(bing)的(de)(de)建議,終獲最后(hou)勝利。
秦(qin)昭王(wang)時,文(wen)有范雎,武(wu)有白起,在(zai)(zai)長平之戰中(zhong)大(da)(da)敗趙國(guo)(guo)(guo),坑(keng)殺趙俘四十余萬,震驚天(tian)下(xia),不(bu)但趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)從此衰落,齊(qi)、楚(chu)等大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)也敗在(zai)(zai)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)堅兵鐵甲(jia)之下(xia),魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)河東、南陽(yang),楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)黔中(zhong)和楚(chu)都郢都并入秦(qin)土;秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)老爸秦(qin)莊襄王(wang)雖只(zhi)當了三年秦(qin)王(wang),但他在(zai)(zai)位期間(jian)文(wen)有名相(xiang)呂不(bu)韋,武(wu)有猛將蒙(meng)驁、王(wang)龁(he),滅(mie)東周,敗韓、魏,也占領(ling)了不(bu)少他國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)土地(di)。到秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)(huang)即位時,秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)之中(zhong)已成超級大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo),不(bu)是一個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家可以匹敵(di)的(de)(de)。
李斯
秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇是(shi)(shi)(shi)六國(guo)(guo)(guo)終結(jie)者,他在位時(shi),文(wen)有(you)(you)李斯、尉(wei)繚等謀臣,武有(you)(you)王(wang)翦、王(wang)賁、李信、蒙武等能征(zheng)善戰之將,尤其王(wang)翦、王(wang)賁父(fu)子,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)之中(zhong)有(you)(you)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其所滅。從(cong)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的發(fa)展歷史上看(kan),秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇能統一(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo),不只是(shi)(shi)(shi)他一(yi)個人(ren)的功勞,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)列代國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)共同的努(nu)(nu)力(li)(li),至(zhi)少是(shi)(shi)(shi)包括(kuo)秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇在內的七代國(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)的努(nu)(nu)力(li)(li)。只不過,我們(men)應該承認,秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇是(shi)(shi)(shi)滅六國(guo)(guo)(guo)最大(da)的功臣,他一(yi)生為平定天下(xia)而努(nu)(nu)力(li)(li),經過十年(nian)征(zheng)戰,終獲成(cheng)功。七代量(liang)變,到秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)皇這里達成(cheng)質(zhi)變,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)此開始(shi)了大(da)一(yi)統歷史。
秦始(shi)皇雄才大略,六國末代國君個(ge)個(ge)昏(hun)庸
秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)之(zhi)所以(yi)能滅(mie)六(liu)國(guo),與秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)雄(xiong)才(cai)大(da)(da)略和六(liu)國(guo)君主的(de)(de)昏庸無能有很大(da)(da)關系。秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)統一,而六(liu)國(guo)君主志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)保。秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)力吸(xi)引人(ren)才(cai),除秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)本土的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)外(wai),其他國(guo)家的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)來而不(bu)拒。雖然短(duan)暫時(shi)間(jian)因為生呂不(bu)韋的(de)(de)氣而“逐客”,驅逐外(wai)國(guo)人(ren)才(cai),但在(zai)(zai)(zai)李(li)(li)斯的(de)(de)一封(feng)《諫逐客書》感染下,立即改變了決定(ding),并(bing)追(zhui)回了李(li)(li)斯等人(ren)才(cai)加(jia)以(yi)重用(yong)。秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)采(cai)取了“遠交近(jin)攻”的(de)(de)正確連(lian)橫戰略,成(cheng)功地各(ge)個擊破六(liu)國(guo)的(de)(de)軍事(shi)聯盟。
秦滅六國示意圖
相比秦始(shi)皇,六國的末代國君可謂個個是昏(hun)庸之主。
先(xian)說(shuo)韓(han)國(guo)(guo),到(dao)韓(han)桓(huan)惠(hui)王(wang)時,已成(cheng)為列(lie)國(guo)(guo)中最弱小的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)。韓(han)國(guo)(guo)這(zhe)個地方(fang),是(shi)四戰之(zhi)地,被秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)、齊國(guo)(guo)、楚國(guo)(guo)、魏國(guo)(guo)所包圍(wei),且(qie)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)狹小,本來形勢(shi)(shi)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)。如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)行(xing)變法圖強(qiang)(qiang),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)隨(sui)時有(you)滅亡之(zhi)危。韓(han)國(guo)(guo)雖(sui)然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)占地利(li)優(you)勢(shi)(shi),但(dan)(dan)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)沒有(you)長處,韓(han)國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)長處在(zai)于(yu)武器優(you)勢(shi)(shi),“天下之(zhi)強(qiang)(qiang)弓勁弩皆從韓(han)出”,是(shi)最大的(de)武器輸(shu)出國(guo)(guo)。韓(han)桓(huan)惠(hui)王(wang)有(you)一個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)叫韓(han)非(fei)(fei),是(shi)諸子(zi)(zi)(zi)百家(jia)中法家(jia)的(de)代表(biao),他(ta)(ta)的(de)學問(wen)水平一點(dian)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亞于(yu)李斯,還和李斯是(shi)同學關系。韓(han)非(fei)(fei)一直(zhi)勸(quan)父王(wang)變法圖強(qiang)(qiang),實(shi)行(xing)法家(jia)之(zhi)術(shu)。但(dan)(dan)韓(han)桓(huan)惠(hui)王(wang)并沒有(you)聽(ting)(ting)從韓(han)非(fei)(fei)的(de)建(jian)議,他(ta)(ta)雖(sui)然也(ye)聽(ting)(ting)從申不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)害(hai)的(de)建(jian)議實(shi)行(xing)改(gai)革,但(dan)(dan)變法并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)功,在(zai)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)的(de)巨大攻勢(shi)(shi)面(mian)前,韓(han)國(guo)(guo)無力(li)招架。韓(han)桓(huan)惠(hui)王(wang)去(qu)世后,其子(zi)(zi)(zi)韓(han)王(wang)安(an)繼位,他(ta)(ta)派韓(han)非(fei)(fei)到(dao)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)去(qu)說(shuo)服秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攻韓(han)國(guo)(guo),結果韓(han)非(fei)(fei)一去(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復返,死(si)于(yu)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)的(de)監獄中,一個好端端的(de)人才就這(zhe)樣喪(sang)了(le)命。韓(han)王(wang)安(an)軟弱無能,最后投降喪(sang)命,韓(han)國(guo)(guo)滅亡。
趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君屬趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)靈(ling)王(wang)(wang)最英(ying)明,胡服(fu)騎射的(de)(de)(de)改革使趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)為(wei)僅(jin)次(ci)于秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)軍事(shi)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。但(dan)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)靈(ling)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)后代并不爭(zheng)氣,先(xian)說這個趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝(xiao)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang),貪圖(tu)小利,接受韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)黨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),引發長(chang)(chang)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan);在(zai)長(chang)(chang)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)中,又不信(xin)任(ren)廉頗,改用(yong)紙上(shang)談兵的(de)(de)(de)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)括(kuo)。又不聽虞卿的(de)(de)(de)諫議,一(yi)邊與秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)相(xiang)持,一(yi)邊派人前去議和,結果(guo)反而(er)孤立了(le)自己(ji)。最后的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo),長(chang)(chang)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)俘被坑殺四(si)十(shi)五(wu)萬,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)敗涂(tu)地(di)。到了(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)遷的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),犯(fan)了(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝(xiao)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)毛病(bing),寵(chong)信(xin)奸臣郭(guo)開,中了(le)秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)反間之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計,自毀(hui)長(chang)(chang)城殺害名將(jiang)李(li)牧(mu),罷免(mian)另一(yi)名將(jiang)司馬(ma)尚,結果(guo)導致(zhi)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無可(ke)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang),被秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)滅國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)遷成(cheng)為(wei)亡國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)虜。本來趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名將(jiang)不少,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)奢(she)、廉頗、李(li)牧(mu)皆世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名將(jiang),可(ke)惜不能為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)用(yong)。
戰國四公子
燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)的國(guo)君燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)(xi)也是個昏(hun)君。長平之(zhi)戰趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)遭(zao)受重大損失(shi),他一方面派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)結(jie)(jie)盟,給趙(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)(wang)送(song)去(qu)五百(bai)金做為(wei)酒資,一方面乘人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)危,派(pai)幾十萬大軍突然襲擊(ji)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo),結(jie)(jie)果(guo)被趙(zhao)(zhao)將廉頗擊(ji)敗;趙(zhao)(zhao)將廉頗離開(kai)趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)后(hou),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)(xi)又覺得有機可(ke)乘,派(pai)大軍進攻趙(zhao)(zhao)國(guo),結(jie)(jie)果(guo)又被趙(zhao)(zhao)將龐暖擊(ji)敗。燕(yan)(yan)太子丹派(pai)荊軻刺(ci)秦王(wang)(wang)失(shi)敗,秦國(guo)進攻燕(yan)(yan)國(guo),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)(xi)竟然聽信他人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)言,殺了太子丹向(xiang)秦國(guo)求和,這樣的國(guo)君不滅亡都沒有天理了。秦始皇只是暫時放了燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)(xi)一碼,騰出手來(lai)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)就很快滅亡了,燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜(xi)(xi)最后(hou)成了秦國(guo)的戰俘(fu)。
魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)末代兩任國(guo)(guo)(guo)君是(shi)常敗國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,魏(wei)景愍(min)王(wang)(wang)在與秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)屢戰(zhan)不(bu)(bu)勝的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,竟然不(bu)(bu)顧與趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)聯盟,主動向秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獻出麗邑求和,其(qi)實正中(zhong)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)下懷,所以接受了(le)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)獻地,全力對付趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。等秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)將趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)擊(ji)敗后,回過(guo)頭來進(jin)攻(gong)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo),以黃河、鴻溝之水“水淹大梁”,魏(wei)景愍(min)王(wang)(wang)死得(de)早,他繼(ji)位的(de)(de)兒(er)子魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)假更不(bu)(bu)是(shi)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)對手(shou),于(yu)是(shi)成了(le)亡國(guo)(guo)(guo)之君。
白起
楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本來是(shi)(shi)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中實力最強大的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家之(zhi)一(yi),早在(zai)春秋時(shi)期(qi)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)五(wu)霸之(zhi)一(yi)。不(bu)過,后(hou)期(qi)的(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君都不(bu)爭氣,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)幽(you)王是(shi)(shi)春申(shen)君的(de)私生子,名義是(shi)(shi)不(bu)育的(de)考(kao)(kao)烈王之(zhi)子,而這一(yi)切來自于楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)臣李(li)園的(de)計謀。考(kao)(kao)烈王駕崩后(hou),李(li)園殺死春申(shen)君,成為(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)權臣。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)幽(you)王駕崩后(hou),其(qi)弟楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)哀(ai)王繼位。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)哀(ai)王僅當了(le)兩(liang)個月楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王,就(jiu)(jiu)被異(yi)母弟負芻門客所殺,而同時(shi)遭難的(de),還有(you)他的(de)母親(qin)(qin)李(li)嫣(yan)嫣(yan)及舅(jiu)舅(jiu)李(li)園。李(li)嫣(yan)嫣(yan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)幽(you)王的(de)親(qin)(qin)生母親(qin)(qin),她是(shi)(shi)和春申(shen)君有(you)孕后(hou)才(cai)嫁給考(kao)(kao)烈王的(de)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)哀(ai)王一(yi)家被殺后(hou),負芻繼位。負芻并(bing)非明君,他殺死哥(ge)哥(ge)成為(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王后(hou),只不(bu)過成為(wei)末代(dai)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王而已。在(zai)秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)征戰四方(fang)時(shi),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)這個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家卻在(zai)爭權奪利中度過,最后(hou)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大將(jiang)項燕不(bu)敵秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大將(jiang)王翦,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅亡(wang)。
齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本來是(shi)(shi)(shi)東方大(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),稱為(wei)東帝。但在合縱連橫的(de)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爭霸中,強大(da)的(de)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)卻遭到了(le)燕、趙(zhao)、韓、魏、楚五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)“合縱”攻擊,燕將樂毅連下齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)七十余城(cheng),差(cha)點把齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。要不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)單復國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)將成為(wei)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)先滅亡的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家。雖然最(zui)終(zhong)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)復了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),但齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)此退出戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)舞臺(tai),齊(qi)王建是(shi)(shi)(shi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)末代君主(zhu),同時(shi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)個糊涂軟(ruan)弱的(de)君主(zhu)。他(ta)中了(le)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)連橫之計,在秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進攻其他(ta)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)作壁上觀(guan),采取親秦(qin)(qin)戰略,所(suo)以(yi)享受了(le)四十余年“和平(ping)”。待(dai)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)消滅了(le)其他(ta)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、只(zhi)剩齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采取了(le)不(bu)抵抗政策,齊(qi)王建投降了(le)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),不(bu)戰而亡。自(zi)此秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)一中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)戰役勝利結束。
“連橫”最(zui)終勝(sheng)了(le)“合縱(zong)”,秦(qin)國統一是歷史大(da)勢(shi)
戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)七雄之(zhi)中(zhong),一直有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)條路線。一是弱(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)“合縱(zong)”,一是強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對弱(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“連橫”。但(dan)弱(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)間,卻(que)并不齊心,表面上(shang)團結一致,實際上(shang)各(ge)懷(huai)心腹事,最(zui)終被(bei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連橫戰(zhan)略所破(po)。如果六(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聯(lian)合對敵,強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是不會勝利的(de)(de)(de)(de)。戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)其實就(jiu)很多例(li)子,證明了(le)(le)“合縱(zong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)可怕。齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)從強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)變成(cheng)(cheng)弱(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),就(jiu)是在燕、趙、韓、魏、楚五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“合縱(zong)”打擊下(xia)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)弱(ruo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou),又采取(qu)了(le)(le)與強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)聯(lian)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略,最(zui)后(hou)被(bei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)所滅。歷史上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)五次(ci)合縱(zong)攻秦,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)次(ci)聯(lian)軍取(qu)得(de)大(da)勝秦軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)果,秦軍為(wei)破(po)聯(lian)軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)合縱(zong),只能采取(qu)計(ji)謀(mou)瓦解之(zhi)。正是因為(wei)聯(lian)軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)不團結,才會中(zhong)了(le)(le)秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)謀(mou)。
蒙恬
歷(li)史最(zui)后(hou)的結果(guo)是(shi),連橫之術(shu)戰勝了(le)合縱之術(shu)。秦國(guo)統一(yi)華夏,其實是(shi)大(da)(da)勢(shi)所趨。這里面有人為的因(yin)素(su),更大(da)(da)的原因(yin)是(shi)歷(li)史的必(bi)然。人民久(jiu)困于戰火,迫(po)切需要一(yi)個統一(yi)的國(guo)家(jia)。諸子(zi)百家(jia)的救國(guo)圖存之道,其實也是(shi)想結束戰爭,給人們以安(an)居樂(le)業的生活,只不(bu)過(guo)想出的策略方(fang)法不(bu)同而已(yi)。最(zui)后(hou)還是(shi)法家(jia)的學說占了(le)上風,秦國(guo)成為法家(jia)學說最(zui)大(da)(da)的獲(huo)利者。
三種答法,隨便選。
公元前237年,秦王嬴政罷黜呂不韋,親自執政,開始謀劃吞并六國的戰爭。其作戰的總謀略是由近及遠,先取趙國、魏國、韓國,再取燕國、楚國、齊國。公元前236年派王翦、桓率軍攻趙,公元前229年滅趙。在秦國攻打趙國時,鄰近的韓國懼怕秦軍聲威,于公元前231年向秦軍請降。秦國受降后,把韓地劃為川郡,韓國亡。公元前225年,秦國任用李信為將率軍20萬伐楚,結果被楚軍打敗。第二年又派王翦率軍六十萬進攻楚國,終于在公元前222年滅楚。公元前225年,秦王任王賁為將率兵攻魏,三個月后魏國亡。公元前222年,王賁又率軍攻燕,將燕國滅掉。公元前221年,秦將王賁又率軍滅齊。經過二十多年的戰爭,秦國最終滅掉六國,統一了天下。
秦王政一十五年(前230年),內史騰率兵滅韓國,俘韓王安,所得韓地置潁川郡,韓亡。
秦王政一十七年(前228年),秦軍攻入趙國國都邯鄲,趙王遷被迫降秦,趙破。
秦王政一十八年(前227年),燕國太子丹派荊軻刺殺秦王未遂,秦王立即派王翦領兵攻燕。
秦王政一十九年(前226年),王翦攻破燕都薊,燕王殺太子丹求和,燕破。
秦王政二十年(前225年),王賁率領六十萬大軍攻打魏國,包圍魏都大梁,引黃河鴻溝水灌大梁,三個月后 大梁城破,魏王假投降,魏亡。
秦王政二十一年(前224年),王翦率領十萬大軍攻打楚國,屯兵練武、堅壁不戰、以逸待勞。一年后,楚軍斗志渙散、糧草不足,遂從前線撤軍。王翦乘機追擊,消滅楚軍主力,占領楚都壽春,俘虜楚王負芻。王翦又率軍渡過長江,平定了江南,滅越國置會稽郡。楚亡。
秦王政二十五年(前222年),王賁打下遼東,俘燕王喜;接著打下代城,俘代王嘉。燕、趙徹底滅亡。
秦王政二十六年(前221年),王賁率軍南下攻打齊國,齊王建投降,齊亡。
至此秦滅六國,一統天下。
嬴政統一中國后,遂自稱“功高三皇,德高五帝”,創建皇帝尊號,自稱始皇帝。嬴政認為謚號乃是“子論父,臣論君”,大為不妥而廢除之,而改用計數方式的世數尊號,自稱始皇帝,宣布子孫稱二世、三世,以至萬世,代代承襲。秦始皇規定皇帝自稱朕,命改為制,令改為詔。“皇帝”尊號,“朕”御用自稱等皆源自秦朝開始。
秦滅六國的經過
1、揮師滅韓公元前230年,秦始皇派內史騰率軍長驅直入,俘虜了韓王安,在韓國故地設置了穎川郡(郡治在今河南禹縣),韓國宣告滅亡。韓國的滅亡是秦統一戰爭全面展開的標志。
2、破趙逼燕。秦滅韓之后,第二個目標就是趙國。公元前229年,趙國接連發生大地震和大饑荒,秦始皇再次命王翦、楊端向趙國發動全面進攻。王翦施行反間之計,用重金收買趙王寵臣郭開,大肆誹謗李牧等人,說他們要謀反,促使趙王將李牧殺害。公元前228年,王翦大破趙軍,攻克邯鄲,俘獲趙王遷,占領趙國本土。接著揮師北上,屯于中山(河北定縣),逼近燕國。
3、攻破燕國。秦軍逼近燕國,引起燕、代一片恐慌。燕國的太子丹收容秦國叛將樊于期,并通過燕國勇士田光結識了刺客荊軻,企圖刺殺秦始皇,但荊軻未能殺掉秦始皇,反而激起了秦始皇對燕國的憤怒。公元前226年,秦軍攻占燕都薊城(今北京市),燕王喜和太子丹逃往遼東。
4、占領魏地。秦軍攻克燕都薊城后,把打擊的矛頭指向了魏國。公元前225年,秦始皇派王翦的兒子王賁率領10萬大軍去攻打魏國。王賁看到大梁城地勢較為低下,又離黃河、鴻溝不遠,遂令秦軍開渠,將黃河、鴻溝之水引至大梁城下。三個月后,城垣崩塌,秦軍攻入大梁。魏王假投降,不久被殺,魏國滅亡。
5、大舉伐楚。公元前225年,秦始皇派李信率軍攻楚。李信輕敵冒進,先勝后敗。公元前224年,秦始皇親請老將王翦,令率60萬大軍伐楚。大破楚軍于蘄南,殺楚將項燕,占領楚國大片領土。公元前223年,王翦與蒙武合攻楚都壽春,俘獲楚王負芻。次年王翦又率軍渡過長江,平定了楚國的江南地區,降服百越之君。楚國宣告滅亡。
6、吞滅齊國。楚國滅亡后,秦始皇派王賁率軍深入東北,掃除燕、趙殘余勢力。公元前222年,王賁攻占遼東,俘虜了燕王喜。接著攻下代城,俘虜了代王嘉。燕、趙兩國徹底滅亡。至此,東方六國中就只剩下齊國。公元前221年,秦始皇命王賁率秦軍從燕國邊界南下進攻齊國。王賁以迅雷不及掩耳之勢,在沒有遇到什么抵抗的情況下,猝然攻入齊都臨淄(山東淄博)。齊王建入秦投降,齊國也被納入秦國的版圖。
秦始皇高興地(di)說(shuo):“寡人以眇眇之身,興兵(bing)誅暴亂,賴宗廟之靈,六(liu)王咸服其辜,天下大定(ding)。”
自(zi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)230年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)始皇采(cai)取(qu)(qu)遠交近攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、分化離(li)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve),發(fa)動(dong)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)戰(zhan)。先后(hou)(hou)于(yu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)始皇十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)魏(wei)(wei)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)燕(yan)(yan)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)。終(zhong)于(yu)建(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷史上(shang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、多(duo)(duo)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、專(zhuan)制主(zhu)(zhu)義中(zhong)(zhong)央集(ji)(ji)權制國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)——秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)奪(duo)九鼎(ding)(ding) 九鼎(ding)(ding)相傳為(wei)(wei)夏禹所鑄,象征九州(zhou)。夏、商、周(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)奉為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶(bao),擁有九鼎(ding)(ding)者就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)子。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)256年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)51年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian), 周(zhou)(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)59年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)伐趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邯鄲(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),繼(ji)(ji)續向(xiang)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)發(fa)動(dong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勢。值此之(zhi)際,東方(fang)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)動(dong)聯(lian)合抗(kang)(kang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響與脅(xie)迫下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)識(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也卷入(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)次活(huo)動(dong)。聯(lian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)打(da)著周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)號,合縱抗(kang)(kang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)怒。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)就(jiu)想(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖上(shang)抹去(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou),盡快掃除統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)障礙。西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)參與反秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),正(zheng)(zheng)好給秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)口實。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)256年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)59年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)昭(zhao)(zhao)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)51年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou),赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聽(ting)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)言,以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)城(cheng)、三萬(wan)(wan)(wan)戶降(jiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)貶爵為(wei)(wei)君,西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)家(jia)臣,封(feng)于(yu)梁(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(今陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)縣南(nan)(nan))。赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)至(zhi)梁(liang)(liang)城(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)而死(si),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)除,置九鼎(ding)(ding)于(yu)咸陽(yang)(途(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鼎(ding)(ding)落于(yu)泗(si)水(shui),所以(yi)(yi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)只(zhi)得(de)到(dao)8鼎(ding)(ding),但習慣上(shang)仍稱(cheng)九鼎(ding)(ding))。自(zi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)(昭(zhao)(zhao)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)52年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)255年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))史家(jia)以(yi)(yi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)紀年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)255年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九鼎(ding)(ding)遷(qian)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),意味(wei)著秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)共(gong)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)名正(zheng)(zheng)言順地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)討伐各(ge)諸侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 總(zong)方(fang)針(zhen)(zhen) 秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou),聽(ting)取(qu)(qu)李(li)(li)(li)斯進(jin)獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議,著手規劃統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)業。其總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)方(fang)針(zhen)(zhen),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由近及(ji)遠,集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang),各(ge)個(ge)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)破;先北(bei)(bei)取(qu)(qu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),中(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)魏(wei)(wei),南(nan)(nan)取(qu)(qu)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han),然后(hou)(hou)再(zai)進(jin)取(qu)(qu)燕(yan)(yan)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、齊(qi)(qi)(qi)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首(shou)(shou)先選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)目標為(wei)(wei)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei),趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實力(li)(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)強(qiang)(qiang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)走向(xiang)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)障礙。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還(huan)沒有到(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)堪(kan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)步。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)屢(lv)次進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)均被(bei)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)退。在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)對韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)采(cai)取(qu)(qu)扶植親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)勢力(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)逐(zhu)步肢解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)231年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)郡(jun)“假守(shou)(shou)”(即代理郡(jun)守(shou)(shou))騰(teng)(teng),向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)獻出(chu)(chu)(chu)他(ta)(ta)所管(guan)轄(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。騰(teng)(teng)被(bei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)任命為(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)史,后(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)(you)派(pai)(pai)他(ta)(ta)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。騰(teng)(teng)對韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le)(le)(le)如指掌(zhang),所以(yi)(yi)進(jin)展順利,于(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)230年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))俘獲韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)安(an)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)229年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)利用(yong)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)生大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)震和大(da)(da)災荒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui),又(you)(you)(you)(you)派(pai)(pai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)領(ling)兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)派(pai)(pai)李(li)(li)(li)牧、司(si)馬尚率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)抵御,雙方(fang)相持(chi)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)關(guan)頭,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使出(chu)(chu)(chu)殺(sha)手锏—離(li)間(jian)計。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)用(yong)重金收買(mai)了(le)(le)(le)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寵臣郭開(kai),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)他(ta)(ta)散(san)布(bu)李(li)(li)(li)牧、司(si)馬尚企(qi)圖謀(mou)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流言。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)輕(qing)信謠(yao)言,派(pai)(pai)人(ren)(ren)替(ti)代李(li)(li)(li)牧。李(li)(li)(li)牧在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)敵當前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢下(xia)(xia)據不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang)(rang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)(bing)權,趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)竟暗地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)(ren)逮捕李(li)(li)(li)牧并(bing)處死(si)了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)殺(sha)掉(diao)了(le)(le)(le)司(si)馬尚。殺(sha)死(si)李(li)(li)(li)牧,無疑為(wei)(wei)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)掃清了(le)(le)(le)道路(lu)。此后(hou)(hou),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)如入(ru)(ru)無人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)境,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)略(lve)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),痛擊(ji)(ji)(ji)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)228年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破邯鄲(dan),這(zhe)(zhe)座名城(cheng)落入(ru)(ru)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)手。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu),出(chu)(chu)(chu)逃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)遷(qian)被(bei)迫獻出(chu)(chu)(chu)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)圖降(jiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實際上(shang)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)(le)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子嘉(jia)卻帶(dai)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伙人(ren)(ren)逃(tao)(tao)到(dao)代郡(jun)(今河北(bei)(bei)尉縣),自(zi)立為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。后(hou)(hou)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其俘虜(lu)。至(zhi)此,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)231年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),魏(wei)(wei)景湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)迫于(yu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)威(wei)力(li)(li)(li),主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)進(jin)獻出(chu)(chu)(chu)麗(li)邑,以(yi)(yi)求緩兵(bing)(bing)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)調(diao)集(ji)(ji)兵(bing)(bing)力(li)(li)(li)準備(bei)向(xiang)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)起(qi)總(zong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)想(xiang)分散(san)兵(bing)(bing)力(li)(li)(li)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)魏(wei)(wei),就(jiu)接受了(le)(le)(le)獻地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。這(zhe)(zhe)使得(de)魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)(you)(you)(you)維持(chi)了(le)(le)(le)數年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)殘局。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)225年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當口,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領(ling)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi),率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)圍攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)魏(wei)(wei)都大(da)(da)梁(liang)(liang)(今河南(nan)(nan)開(kai)封(feng))。魏(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)緊閉(bi)城(cheng)門(men),堅(jian)(jian)守(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。由于(yu)大(da)(da)梁(liang)(liang)城(cheng)防經過(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修建(jian),異常堅(jian)(jian)固,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)強(qiang)(qiang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)想(xiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)水(shui)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)批士卒被(bei)安(an)排(pai)去(qu)挖掘渠道,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)黃河、鴻溝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)引來(lai)(lai),灌(guan)注到(dao)大(da)(da)梁(liang)(liang)。3個(ge)月(yue)后(hou)(hou),大(da)(da)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)墻壁(bi)壘全被(bei)浸(jin)坍。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)假只(zhi)得(de)投(tou)降(jiang)。魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)了(le)(le)(le)。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 南(nan)(nan)方(fang)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疆域遼闊(kuo),山林(lin)茂密,物產豐富,號稱(cheng)擁有甲(jia)士百萬(wan)(wan)(wan)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)振,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貴族爭權奪(duo)利,這(zhe)(zhe)種狀(zhuang)況(kuang)到(dao)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期尤為(wei)(wei)嚴重。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)228年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)幽王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)死(si),統治集(ji)(ji)團發(fa)生內(nei)(nei)訌。幽王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同母(mu)弟猶,即位為(wei)(wei)哀王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),但僅兩個(ge)多(duo)(duo)月(yue),就(jiu)被(bei)異母(mu)兄負(fu)芻(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)徒(tu)殺(sha)掉(diao)了(le)(le)(le)。負(fu)芻(chu)成為(wei)(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室更加(jia)分崩離(li)析。就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)生內(nei)(nei)亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)226年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)從(cong)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)伐燕(yan)(yan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)線(xian)抽(chou)調(diao)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),連續奪(duo)得(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)10余(yu)個(ge)城(cheng)池。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)224年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決戰(zhan)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)開(kai)始了(le)(le)(le)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)先派(pai)(pai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領(ling)李(li)(li)(li)信率(lv)20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),被(bei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)敗。后(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)(you)派(pai)(pai)大(da)(da)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)率(lv)60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)入(ru)(ru)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)境后(hou)(hou),并(bing)未馬上(shang)發(fa)動(dong)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勢。他(ta)(ta)總(zong)結了(le)(le)(le)李(li)(li)(li)信輕(qing)敵冒(mao)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教訓,采(cai)取(qu)(qu)屯兵(bing)(bing)練武,堅(jian)(jian)壁(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),麻痹(bi)敵人(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)逸待勞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣,度過(guo)(guo)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)對楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)基本適應(ying),士氣高(gao)昂,體力(li)(li)(li)充(chong)沛。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),被(bei)調(diao)來(lai)(lai)抗(kang)(kang)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)隊,斗志漸(jian)漸(jian)松懈,加(jia)上(shang)糧草不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),準備(bei)東歸。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)撤,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)就(jiu)抓住時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)下(xia)(xia)令全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)打(da)垮了(le)(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li),并(bing)長驅直(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)(ru),挺入(ru)(ru)內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),殺(sha)死(si)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)統帥(shuai)項(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)。接著,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)都壽(shou)(shou)春(chun)(今安(an)徽壽(shou)(shou)縣),俘虜(lu)了(le)(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)負(fu)芻(chu),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang),時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)223年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)已兵(bing)(bing)臨燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邊境。燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君臣將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)士惶惶不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)終(zhong)日,眼見秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)掃平三晉,就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)向(xiang)自(zi)己(ji)殺(sha)來(lai)(lai),卻無計可(ke)施。燕(yan)(yan)太(tai)子丹(dan)最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)想(xiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)孤注一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暗殺(sha)行動(dong),即歷史上(shang)有名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荊軻(ke)刺(ci)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)值公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)227年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。刺(ci)殺(sha)行動(dong)最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)失(shi)敗,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)差(cha)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點死(si)于(yu)荊軻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首(shou)(shou)下(xia)(xia),他(ta)(ta)深恨燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),立即增兵(bing)(bing)大(da)(da)舉(ju)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)226年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)燕(yan)(yan)都薊(今北(bei)(bei)京市),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)與太(tai)子丹(dan)逃(tao)(tao)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)遼東郡(jun)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)李(li)(li)(li)信率(lv)領(ling)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數千人(ren)(ren),窮(qiong)追太(tai)子丹(dan)至(zhi)衍水(shui)。太(tai)子丹(dan)因(yin)潛伏于(yu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)幸免(mian)于(yu)難。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)(lai),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)經過(guo)(guo)權衡利害關(guan)系,派(pai)(pai)人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)子丹(dan)殺(sha)掉(diao),將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其首(shou)(shou)級獻給秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),想(xiang)以(yi)(yi)此求得(de)休戰(zhan),保住燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)。燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi)逃(tao)(tao)到(dao)遼東以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)調(diao)往南(nan)(nan)線(xian)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)奉命攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)伐燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)遼東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)勢力(li)(li)(li),俘獲燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)喜(xi),燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)徹底滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)。 同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),剛(gang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),又(you)(you)(you)(you)乘勝降(jiang)服了(le)(le)(le)越君,設(she)置會(hui)稽郡(jun)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),長江流域全部(bu)并(bing)入(ru)(ru)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)圖。 滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)命令王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)揮戈南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)東方(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge):齊(qi)(qi)(qi)。從(cong)春(chun)秋(qiu)到(dao)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)期,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山東諸國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)比較強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)284年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)燕(yan)(yan)、趙(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、魏(wei)(wei)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)5國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齊(qi)(qi)(qi),尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)樂毅(yi)橫掃齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),令齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)差(cha)點亡(wang)(wang)(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)沒有復強(qiang)(qiang)。而且,此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)無能之(zhi)輩。母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)健(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)(ta)依賴母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin);母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)臨終(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),他(ta)(ta)還(huan)死(si)皮賴臉地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)寫下(xia)(xia)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)輔佐他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)臣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名字。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)249年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(齊(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),剛(gang)毅(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)逝世,后(hou)(hou)勝任宰相。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)迅速展開(kai)收買(mai)內(nei)(nei)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong),向(xiang)后(hou)(hou)勝饋贈大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金、玉器。后(hou)(hou)勝得(de)了(le)(le)(le)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好處,就(jiu)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)大(da)(da)批賓客相繼(ji)(ji)赴秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)(you)(you)(you)對他(ta)(ta)們(men)大(da)(da)肆賄賂,送給金錢(qian)、珍寶(bao),讓(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)們(men)回(hui)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)充(chong)當內(nei)(nei)應(ying)。這(zhe)(zhe)批人(ren)(ren)從(cong)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)回(hui)來(lai)(lai)后(hou)(hou),就(jiu)積極地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制造親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輿論。他(ta)(ta)們(men)說齊(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)應(ying)西(xi)(xi)(xi)去(qu)朝秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),以(yi)(yi)表歸順,又(you)(you)(you)(you)說秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姻親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),根本不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)備(bei)戰(zhan)抗(kang)(kang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)幫(bang)助三晉、燕(yan)(yan)、楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi),幾乎就(jiu)沒有遇到(dao)過(guo)(guo)什么抵抗(kang)(kang)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)賁(bi)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長驅直(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)(ru),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)破臨淄(zi),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)與后(hou)(hou)勝馬上(shang)向(xiang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)投(tou)降(jiang)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)。 至(zhi)此,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)走完了(le)(le)(le)削平群雄、統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)程(cheng)。
本文地(di)址://n85e38t.cn/lishitanjiu/52440.html.
聲明: 我(wo)(wo)們(men)致力于(yu)保(bao)護作者版權,注(zhu)重(zhong)分享,被刊用文章(zhang)因(yin)無(wu)法(fa)核實真(zhen)實出處,未能(neng)及時(shi)與作者取得聯系,或有版權異議(yi)的,請聯系管理員,我(wo)(wo)們(men)會立(li)即處理,本站部分文字與圖片資源(yuan)(yuan)來自于(yu)網絡(luo),轉載是出于(yu)傳遞更多信息(xi)之目的,若(ruo)有來源(yuan)(yuan)標注(zhu)錯誤(wu)或侵(qin)犯了您(nin)(nin)的合(he)法(fa)權益,請立(li)即通知我(wo)(wo)們(men)(管理員郵箱:),情況屬實,我(wo)(wo)們(men)會第(di)一時(shi)間(jian)予以刪除,并同(tong)時(shi)向您(nin)(nin)表示歉意(yi),謝謝!
上一篇: 歷史(shi)上的(de)李(li)紳(shen)到(dao)底是什么樣的(de),他當官(guan)之···
下一篇(pian): 朱(zhu)厚照的“豹房”是什么朱(zhu)厚照為何沉(chen)溺···