很多人都不了解田氏(shi)代(dai)齊的事情(qing)，接(jie)下來跟(gen)著小編一起欣(xin)賞(shang)。

周(zhou)武王滅(mie)商后把(ba)齊地(di)封(feng)給(gei)姜太公。周(zhou)朝是實(shi)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)封(feng)制(zhi)，周(zhou)天子(zi)(zi)把(ba)土地(di)分(fen)(fen)封(feng)給(gei)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)和(he)功(gong)臣。有(you)公、侯、伯、子(zi)(zi)、男五(wu)等爵位(wei)，統(tong)稱(cheng)為諸侯。公爵土地(di)最(zui)大，男爵最(zui)小。各諸侯又在本國(guo)內繼續實(shi)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)封(feng)。也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是分(fen)(fen)封(feng)給(gei)宗(zong)室子(zi)(zi)弟(di)和(he)功(gong)臣。嫡長子(zi)(zi)繼承國(guo)君(jun)，其余諸子(zi)(zi)封(feng)為卿(qing)大夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)獲(huo)得土地(di)，統(tong)稱(cheng)為公族(zu)。功(gong)臣和(he)有(you)能力的(de)(de)大臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是能封(feng)為卿(qing)、大夫。國(guo)君(jun)直(zhi)接管轄的(de)(de)土地(di)是最(zui)大也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是最(zui)好的(de)(de)，公族(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是遠遠多于大臣。諸侯國(guo)的(de)(de)公族(zu)跟周(zhou)天子(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)封(feng)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是一樣的(de)(de)，即拱衛大宗(zong)。田(tian)氏代齊有(you)點溫水煮(zhu)青蛙的(de)(de)意思。田(tian)氏先祖叫陳(chen)完，原(yuan)來(lai)是陳(chen)國(guo)厲公的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)。弟(di)弟(di)陳(chen)宣公殺掉其太子(zi)(zi)御(yu)寇。

因(yin)為太子跟(gen)陳(chen)完(wan)(wan)關系很好，陳(chen)完(wan)(wan)害怕(pa)宣公(gong)(gong)對(dui)他下(xia)手(shou)，于是(shi)跑到齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)去了(le)。御寇與完(wan)(wan)相愛，恐禍及己(ji)，完(wan)(wan)故奔齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。時(shi)(shi)間大(da)約是(shi)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)671年。陳(chen)完(wan)(wan)就(jiu)在(zai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)落地(di)生根，并改陳(chen)字(zi)為田(tian)氏。敬仲之如齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以陳(chen)字(zi)為田(tian)氏。第二、三、四、五(wu)、六代(dai)(dai)都在(zai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)為官。但真(zhen)正為田(tian)氏代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)打(da)下(xia)基礎的是(shi)第七、八、九代(dai)(dai)。田(tian)氏廣施恩德(de)以收(shou)(shou)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人心：第七代(dai)(dai)田(tian)釐子在(zai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)景(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)擔任大(da)夫。田(tian)釐子向百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)征收(shou)(shou)賦(fu)稅時(shi)(shi)用小(xiao)斗收(shou)(shou)進(jin)，賜給百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)糧食(shi)時(shi)(shi)用大(da)斗，暗中向百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)施以恩德(de)，而齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)景(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)也不(bu)加禁止。因(yin)此(ci)田(tian)氏得到齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的民心，他們家(jia)族越(yue)來越(yue)強大(da)，百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)心向田(tian)氏。晏子多次(ci)向景(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)進(jin)諫，景(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)不(bu)聽。

不(bu)久晏子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)到(dao)晉國(guo)(guo)出使，他與(yu)叔向私(si)下里(li)說：“齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)政權(quan)最(zui)終要(yao)歸到(dao)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)的(de)手里(li)呀。”由此(ci)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)得齊(qi)眾心(xin)，宗族益彊，民思田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)。晏子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數諫景(jing)公(gong)，景(jing)公(gong)弗聽(ting)。已而使於(wu)晉，與(yu)叔向私(si)語曰(yue)：“齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)之政卒(zu)歸於(wu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)矣。”齊(qi)景(jing)公(gong)去世后(hou)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)釐(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)迎立景(jing)公(gong)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陽生(sheng)為國(guo)(guo)君。田(tian)(tian)(tian)釐(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)擔任齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)相獨攬齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)政權(quan)。本來齊(qi)景(jing)公(gong)遺(yi)命(ming)是(shi)立兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)荼為太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)釐(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為日后(hou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)代齊(qi)打下基礎。悼公(gong)既(ji)立，田(tian)(tian)(tian)乞為相，專齊(qi)政。田(tian)(tian)(tian)釐(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)去世后(hou)其子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)常(chang)擔與(yu)監(jian)(jian)止一起(qi)任左右相，輔(fu)佐簡(jian)公(gong)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)常(chang)心(xin)中忌妒監(jian)(jian)止，因為監(jian)(jian)止受簡(jian)公(gong)寵(chong)信(xin)，他的(de)權(quan)力不(bu)能除去。于是(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)常(chang)就(jiu)繼(ji)續使用他父親(qin)釐(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)措施，用大斗(dou)把糧食借出，用小斗(dou)收(shou)回(hui)。

齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)人(ren)唱歌頌揚他說(shuo)：“老太太采(cai)芑菜(cai)呀，送給田(tian)(tian)成子。”父(fu)子倆真高明，反正(zheng)受損失的(de)是(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)，但得到(dao)人(ren)心的(de)卻是(shi)他們父(fu)子。於(wu)是(shi)田(tian)(tian)常(chang)復脩(xiu)釐子之政，以大(da)斗出貸(dai)，以小(xiao)斗收(shou)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)歌之曰：“嫗乎(hu)采(cai)芑，歸(gui)乎(hu)田(tian)(tian)成子。”壯大(da)田(tian)(tian)氏，打擊敵對勢力：田(tian)(tian)常(chang)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“施行(xing)恩德是(shi)人(ren)們所希望的(de)，由您來施行(xing)，懲罰是(shi)人(ren)們所厭惡的(de)，請讓臣去執行(xing)。”這樣做了五年，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的(de)政權(quan)都(dou)歸(gui)田(tian)(tian)常(chang)把持了。于是(shi)田(tian)(tian)常(chang)把鮑(bao)氏、晏(yan)氏、監止(zhi)和公(gong)(gong)族中較強盛(sheng)的(de)全(quan)部誅(zhu)殺了，并分(fen)割齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)從安平(ping)(ping)以東(dong)到(dao)瑯(lang)邪(xie)的(de)土地(di)(di)，作為自己(ji)的(de)封(feng)地(di)(di)。他的(de)封(feng)地(di)(di)比齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)公(gong)(gong)享(xiang)有的(de)鄰地(di)(di)還要大(da)。田(tian)(tian)常(chang)於(wu)是(shi)盡誅(zhu)鮑(bao)、晏(yan)、監止(zhi)及公(gong)(gong)族之彊者，而割齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自安平(ping)(ping)以東(dong)至(zhi)瑯(lang)邪(xie)，自為封(feng)邑。

封邑大(da)於平公(gong)之所食(shi)。公(gong)族(zu)就(jiu)是(shi)提問者所說的(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)姜氏，大(da)部分(fen)已(yi)經讓(rang)田(tian)常(chang)誅殺。田(tian)常(chang)壯(zhuang)大(da)田(tian)氏的(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)個手段就(jiu)是(shi)多(duo)(duo)生兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。田(tian)常(chang)挑選身高七尺以上的(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)做(zuo)后(hou)宮姬妾，姬妾達一(yi)百多(duo)(duo)人(ren)，并且讓(rang)賓客侍從隨便出入后(hou)宮，不加禁止(zhi)。到田(tian)常(chang)去世的(de)(de)時候，姬妾生下七十多(duo)(duo)個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。及田(tian)常(chang)卒，有(you)七十余(yu)男(nan)。這些兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可以肯定(ding)是(shi)大(da)部分(fen)并不是(shi)他親生的(de)(de)。田(tian)常(chang)去世后(hou)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)田(tian)盤接(jie)替他做(zuo)宰相。田(tian)盤把兄弟和本族(zu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟都(dou)去做(zuo)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)小城邑的(de)(de)大(da)夫。田(tian)氏于(yu)是(shi)幾乎控制了整個齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。襄子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使其兄弟宗人(ren)盡為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)都(dou)邑大(da)夫，且以有(you)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)交好(hao)于(yu)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)：田(tian)常(chang)殺了簡公(gong)以后(hou)，害怕各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)諸侯聯合誅殺自己，就(jiu)把侵占魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、衛國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)土地全部歸還。

西(xi)邊同晉國(guo)(guo)、韓氏(shi)、魏(wei)氏(shi)、趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)訂約，南方與吳國(guo)(guo)、越國(guo)(guo)互通使(shi)臣，建立功德，施行賞賜，親近百姓，因此齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)重又安定。以故齊(qi)(qi)復定。還跟晉國(guo)(guo)的卿(qing)大夫趙(zhao)(zhao)、韓、魏(wei)交(jiao)好。他們(men)在(zai)晉國(guo)(guo)做的事情跟田(tian)氏(shi)差不多。與三(san)(san)晉通使(shi)。田(tian)氏(shi)代齊(qi)(qi)得到當時的霸主魏(wei)文(wen)侯(hou)的支(zhi)持(chi)。魏(wei)文(wen)侯(hou)支(zhi)持(chi)的原因三(san)(san)個(ge)。第(di)(di)一當年魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)也是(shi)跟韓趙(zhao)(zhao)瓜(gua)分晉國(guo)(guo)，從卿(qing)大夫成(cheng)為(wei)諸(zhu)侯(hou)，三(san)(san)晉是(shi)先(xian)例(li)。現在(zai)田(tian)氏(shi)也成(cheng)為(wei)諸(zhu)侯(hou)就不會先(xian)例(li)。第(di)(di)二田(tian)氏(shi)已完(wan)全撐(cheng)控齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)，何不賣個(ge)人(ren)情給田(tian)氏(shi)。第(di)(di)三(san)(san)當年魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)正在(zai)向西(xi)擴(kuo)張，對手是(shi)秦。交(jiao)好于田(tian)氏(shi)，可盡力(li)向西(xi)。太公與魏(wei)文(wen)侯(hou)會濁(zhuo)澤，求為(wei)諸(zhu)侯(hou)。魏(wei)文(wen)侯(hou)乃使(shi)使(shi)言周天子及諸(zhu)侯(hou)，請(qing)立齊(qi)(qi)相田(tian)和為(wei)諸(zhu)侯(hou)。

這時(shi)的周天(tian)子(zi)跟(gen)傀儡差不(bu)(bu)多，在魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)的支持下(xia)周天(tian)子(zi)也不(bu)(bu)敢反對。再者田氏(shi)雖然還(huan)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)諸(zhu)侯，但整個齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)都在田氏(shi)的控(kong)制(zhi)下(xia)。齊君代(dai)代(dai)無能：從田釐(li)子(zi)到田和代(dai)代(dai)皆人杰(jie)。主要是(shi)做四件事。施恩、攬權、壯大(da)、交好(hao)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)齊君：景、悼、簡、平、宣、康公(gong)景公(gong)時(shi)晏子(zi)就數(shu)次勸諫景公(gong)。現在田氏(shi)過(guo)于強大(da)，應該打壓。景公(gong)根本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)聽。景公(gong)弗聽。在田釐(li)子(zi)以小斗(dou)收稅，大(da)斗(dou)予(yu)百姓。受損(sun)失(shi)的是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家，得(de)到人心的卻是(shi)田釐(li)子(zi)。但景公(gong)卻并不(bu)(bu)阻止。景公(gong)弗禁。景公(gong)屢大(da)興土本(ben)(ben)，又喜歡玩樂，對待百姓收取重(zhong)稅，刑(xing)罰又太(tai)過(guo)。這就使得(de)田氏(shi)更(geng)得(de)人心。是(shi)時(shi)景公(gong)好(hao)治宮室，聚狗馬，奢侈，厚賦重(zhong)刑(xing)。

景公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)命所立的(de)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)荼(tu)又無德(de)行，眾臣都不愿意讓荼(tu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)君(jun)。這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)氏能成功扶立陽生為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)君(jun)的(de)原因(yin)。無行，諸(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)恐其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)嗣(si)，乃言原擇(ze)諸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)長賢者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)鮑(bao)(bao)牧(mu)與齊(qi)(qi)(qi)悼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有矛盾，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)悼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)此殺鮑(bao)(bao)牧(mu)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鮑(bao)(bao)牧(mu)主張應(ying)按(an)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)景公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)命立荼(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)君(jun)。悼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殺鮑(bao)(bao)牧(mu)是(shi)(shi)一大(da)(da)(da)錯(cuo)誤，雖然(ran)他主張按(an)景公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)命，但至于(yu)(yu)他是(shi)(shi)忠于(yu)(yu)國(guo)君(jun)。田(tian)(tian)常(chang)乘機慫恿其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)(bao)息(xi)及齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人毒(du)殺悼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。鮑(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弒(shi)悼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)御(yu)鞅向簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)諫說：“田(tian)(tian)常(chang)、監(jian)止(zhi)不可兩立，請君(jun)主來選擇(ze)吧(ba)。”簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不聽(ting)。君(jun)弗(fu)聽(ting)。后來監(jian)止(zhi)的(de)同(tong)族(zu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)我密謀(mou)誅(zhu)殺田(tian)(tian)常(chang)，扶持田(tian)(tian)氏遠房同(tong)族(zu)田(tian)(tian)豹。但田(tian)(tian)豹卻把(ba)這(zhe)事告知田(tian)(tian)常(chang)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)常(chang)決定先下手。

子我的(de)軍隊(dui)不(bu)敵于是外逃，田(tian)氏(shi)的(de)部下追趕(gan)并(bing)殺死了(le)子我和監(jian)止(zhi)。簡(jian)公(gong)出(chu)逃，田(tian)氏(shi)的(de)部下追到(dao)徐州(zhou)把簡(jian)公(gong)捉住了(le)。簡(jian)公(gong)說：“早聽御鞅的(de)話(hua)，也不(bu)會受到(dao)這樣(yang)的(de)災難(nan)。”田(tian)氏(shi)的(de)部下恐(kong)怕(pa)簡(jian)公(gong)恢復君位后會殺他們，就把簡(jian)公(gong)殺了(le)。簡(jian)公(gong)曰：“蚤從御鞅之言，不(bu)及(ji)此難(nan)。”田(tian)氏(shi)之徒(tu)恐(kong)簡(jian)公(gong)復立而(er)誅(zhu)己，遂殺簡(jian)公(gong)。齊(qi)平(ping)公(gong)把刑罰之權(quan)交給(gei)田(tian)常，坐視(shi)其盡誅(zhu)鮑(bao)氏(shi)、晏(yan)氏(shi)、監(jian)止(zhi)家族和公(gong)族中較強盛的(de)，并(bing)分(fen)割齊(qi)國從安平(ping)以東(dong)到(dao)瑯邪的(de)土地，作為田(tian)常自(zi)己的(de)封(feng)地。他的(de)封(feng)地比齊(qi)平(ping)公(gong)享(xiang)有的(de)鄰地還(huan)要大。田(tian)常於是盡誅(zhu)鮑(bao)、晏(yan)、監(jian)止(zhi)及(ji)公(gong)族之彊者，而(er)割齊(qi)自(zi)安平(ping)以東(dong)至瑯邪，自(zi)為封(feng)邑。

封邑大於平公(gong)之所食(shi)。宣公(gong)在位(wei)五十(shi)一年(nian)，想來(lai)也是沒有什(shen)么(me)作為(wei)。因為(wei)史書只(zhi)有一句話：宣公(gong)五十(shi)一年(nian)卒。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)最后(hou)一任康公(gong)在位(wei)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)，只(zhi)知道(dao)飲灑和(he)(he)女人并不(bu)參與國(guo)(guo)政。田(tian)和(he)(he)成(cheng)為(wei)諸侯后(hou)把他(ta)趕到海(hai)上，留一城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)稅收供給(gei)。貸立(li)(li)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)，淫(yin)於酒婦人，不(bu)聽(ting)政。(十(shi)九年(nian))太(tai)公(gong)乃(nai)遷(qian)康公(gong)於海(hai)上，食(shi)一城(cheng)(cheng)，以奉其(qi)先祀(si)。七(qi)年(nian)后(hou)康公(gong)去世，田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)再立(li)(li)姜氏(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，自立(li)(li)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。二(er)十(shi)六年(nian)，康公(gong)卒，呂氏(shi)(shi)(shi)遂絕其(qi)祀(si)。田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)卒有齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)，為(wei)齊(qi)威王，強(qiang)於天下。總的(de)(de)來(lai)說(shuo)田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)代齊(qi)的(de)(de)原因：廣樹恩德，以收眾(zhong)心(xin)、壯已削異、交好于列(lie)國(guo)(guo)、齊(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)無能(neng)

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