在151年前的今天，1862年6月11日 ，京師同文館成立。
簡稱同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)，清朝最(zui)早培養譯(yi)(yi)(yi)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)洋務學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)和從(cong)事翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構。同(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1862）7月(yue)(yue)(yue)2109日，恭親王奕(yi)欣等(deng)奏準在北京(jing)設(she)(she)立同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)，附(fu)屬于(yu)總(zong)理(li)(li)衙門。設(she)(she)管理(li)(li)大(da)(da)臣﹑專(zhuan)管大(da)(da)臣﹑提調(diao)﹑幫提調(diao)及(ji)總(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)﹑副(fu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等(deng)職。總(zong)稅務司英(ying)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)赫(he)德(de)任監(jian)察官﹐實際操縱館(guan)(guan)務。前后(hou)(hou)(hou)在館(guan)(guan)任職的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)籍教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有包爾騰﹑傅蘭雅﹑歐禮斐﹑馬士(shi)等(deng)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有李善蘭﹑徐壽等(deng)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)丁(ding)韙良自(zi)1869年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起任總(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)﹐歷2105年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之久。 該館(guan)(guan)為培養翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)洋務學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)，最(zui)初(chu)只(zhi)設(she)(she)英(ying)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、法文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、俄文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3班，后(hou)(hou)(hou)陸續(xu)增(zeng)加德(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、日文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)及(ji)天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、算(suan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)班。招生對象(xiang)開始限(xian)于(yu)104歲(sui)(sui)(sui)以下(xia)8旗(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟，1862年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅10人(ren)(ren)(ren)，以后(hou)(hou)(hou)擴大(da)(da)招收年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齡(ling)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)8旗(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟和漢族學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生，和30歲(sui)(sui)(sui)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秀才、舉人(ren)(ren)(ren)、進士(shi)和科舉正途出(chu)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5品以下(xia)滿漢京(jing)外(wai)(wai)各官，入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)多(duo)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)期限(xian)初(chu)定3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)，自(zi)光(guang)緒2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1876）后(hou)(hou)(hou)改(gai)成兩(liang)種：由(you)外(wai)(wai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)及(ji)天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、測地諸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)，8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)；年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歲(sui)(sui)(sui)稍長，僅借譯(yi)(yi)(yi)本而(er)求(qiu)諸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)。課(ke)程(cheng)設(she)(she)置最(zui)初(chu)只(zhi)有英(ying)、法、俄、漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)增(zeng)設(she)(she)算(suan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、萬國(guo)(guo)公(gong)法、醫學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生理(li)(li)、天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、物理(li)(li)、外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)史地等(deng)。除(chu)漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)外(wai)(wai)其(qi)它(ta)課(ke)程(cheng)多(duo)由(you)外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)擔負教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。其(qi)經費、人(ren)(ren)(ren)事等(deng)權(quan)基本控(kong)制在總(zong)稅務司赫(he)德(de)手(shou)中(zhong)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，赫(he)德(de)提名美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)丁(ding)韙良擔負同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)總(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，總(zong)管校(xiao)務近310年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。光(guang)緒2107年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1902）并(bing)入(ru)京(jing)師大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)。 清朝在北京(jing)開辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)采取(qu)班級授課(ke)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)1所洋務學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)。清政府(fu)自(zi)雅片戰爭(zheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，多(duo)次(ci)與帝國(guo)(guo)主義(yi)列強交涉(she)，深感語言(yan)不通、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字隔閡，也是受欺蒙遭(zao)失敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)緣由(you)之一。左宗棠、李鴻章等(deng)堅(jian)持學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)西方，因(yin)而(er)在同(tong)(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1862）設(she)(she)立了(le)京(jing)師同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生為103、4歲(sui)(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)8旗(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟10人(ren)(ren)(ren)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)想法文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)、俄文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)。再后(hou)(hou)(hou)又增(zeng)設(she)(she)德(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、日文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。館(guan)(guan)中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)均聘外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。1866年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底改(gai)成入(ru)館(guan)(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)皆取(qu)正途人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，如舉人(ren)(ren)(ren)、優等(deng)貢生及(ji)由(you)此出(chu)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5品以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)京(jing)外(wai)(wai)各官，且年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齡(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)30歲(sui)(sui)(sui)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。1867年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)算(suan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)館(guan)(guan)。1869年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)聘美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)丁(ding)韙良任總(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。1872年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擬訂了(le)8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)課(ke)程(cheng)計劃，計為：第(di)1年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)認字、寫字，講(jiang)授淺(qian)書(shu)；第(di)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)句(ju)法，翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)條子(zi)(zi)(zi)；第(di)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)讀各國(guo)(guo)地理(li)(li)及(ji)史略，翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)選編；第(di)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)求(qiu)數(shu)理(li)(li)啟(qi)蒙及(ji)代(dai)數(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)；第(di)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)求(qiu)格物、幾何(he)本來、平3角(jiao)、弧3角(jiao)，練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)；第(di)6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)求(qiu)機(ji)器、微分積分、航海測算(suan)，練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)；第(di)7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)求(qiu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、驗(yan)算(suan)、萬國(guo)(guo)公(gong)法，練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)；第(di)8年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)講(jiang)求(qiu)天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、測算(suan)、地理(li)(li)、金石、富國(guo)(guo)策，練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)。考(kao)試嚴格，有月(yue)(yue)(yue)課(ke)、季考(kao)、歲(sui)(sui)(sui)考(kao)3種。每(mei)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)舉行(xing)大(da)(da)考(kao)1次(ci)，列入(ru)優等(deng)者(zhe)升官階，次(ci)等(deng)者(zhe)記(ji)優留館(guan)(guan)，劣等(deng)者(zhe)除(chu)名。館(guan)(guan)內(nei)待遇較(jiao)(jiao)優，除(chu)膳食、書(shu)籍、紙(zhi)筆由(you)官家供(gong)給外(wai)(wai)，每(mei)個月(yue)(yue)(yue)尚有薪(xin)水銀10兩(liang)。京(jing)師同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)館(guan)(guan)有統(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)設(she)(she)置和管理(li)(li)章程(cheng)，基本不學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)4書(shu)5經之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)科目(mu)，被人(ren)(ren)(ren)視為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)近代(dai)新式學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發端。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生畢業(ye)后(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)半任政府(fu)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)員﹑外(wai)(wai)交官員﹑洋務機(ji)構官員﹑學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。該館(guan)(guan)附(fu)設(she)(she)印(yin)書(shu)處﹑翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)處﹐曾前后(hou)(hou)(hou)編譯(yi)(yi)(yi)﹑出(chu)版(ban)自(zi)然科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)國(guo)(guo)際法﹑經濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)書(shu)籍210余種。另外(wai)(wai)還設(she)(she)有化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)室﹑博物館(guan)(guan)﹑天文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)臺等(deng)。 1902年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(光(guang)緒2107年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)102月(yue)(yue)(yue))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)并(bing)入(ru)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)創建的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)1所具有現代(dai)意(yi)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)京(jing)師大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)。
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