在124年前的今天,1897年4月8日(ri),上海(hai)交(jiao)通大學建校開學。
1897年4月8日,上(shang)海交通(tong)大學(xue)前身(shen)南洋公學(xue)建校開學(xue)。
南洋(yang)(yang)公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)1896年(nian)(nian)(光緒2102年(nian)(nian))12月(yue),清大(da)(da)(da)理(li)寺少卿盛宣懷創設于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海。與北洋(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)同為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)近代(dai)(dai)歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)自(zi)己最(zui)早創辦的(de)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。1897年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)8日(ri)開學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),先(xian)設師范院(yuan),招(zhao)(zhao)生(sheng)40名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),兼(jian)習中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)各學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),合(he)格者選為(wei)(wei)公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)院(yuan)教習,此為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)師范教育的(de)開端。同年(nian)(nian)秋,又設外(wai)院(yuan)(附屬(shu)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)),招(zhao)(zhao)生(sheng)120名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),年(nian)(nian)齡在(zai)10~18歲之間。1898年(nian)(nian)春,繼設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(2等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)),考選學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)20名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。1900年(nian)(nian),續建上(shang)(shang)(shang)院(yuan)(頭(tou)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)),實(shi)(shi)現了4院(yuan)并(bing)設的(de)計劃。其《章程》計劃了一種新的(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)制度(du)(du):外(wai)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)3院(yuan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)各120名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),每(mei)(mei)(mei)院(yuan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)按(an)程度(du)(du)分4班,每(mei)(mei)(mei)班30人(ren),每(mei)(mei)(mei)一年(nian)(nian)順次升1班,外(wai)院(yuan)結業(ye)遞(di)(di)升中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)結業(ye)遞(di)(di)升上(shang)(shang)(shang)院(yuan),上(shang)(shang)(shang)院(yuan)4年(nian)(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)成給予畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)文憑。3院(yuan)相銜接的(de)教育制度(du)(du)的(de)實(shi)(shi)行(xing),便成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)近代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)3級(ji)制的(de)雛形。公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為(wei)(wei)培養(yang)自(zi)能人(ren)才而設,其重點為(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)院(yuan)。教育內(nei)容主要以(yi)通(tong)達中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經史(shi)大(da)(da)(da)義厚植根柢為(wei)(wei)基礎,以(yi)西(xi)國(guo)政治家日(ri)本法部(bu)(bu)文部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)指歸,略仿法國(guo)國(guo)政學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang)之意。為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家培養(yang)內(nei)政、外(wai)交(jiao)、理(li)財3方(fang)面(mian)的(de)人(ren)材(cai)。其后(hou)因隨政局的(de)發展,辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)目標漸有變化,在(zai)1907年(nian)(nian)前以(yi)培養(yang)政治經濟(ji)人(ren)材(cai)為(wei)(wei)主,1907年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou)以(yi)培養(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)交(jiao)通(tong)人(ren)材(cai)為(wei)(wei)主。由于經費來自(zi)招(zhao)(zhao)商、電(dian)報兩(liang)局,兩(liang)局隸屬(shu)關(guan)系的(de)變化,也影響學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)而變更(geng)校(xiao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。1905年(nian)(nian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)商部(bu)(bu)高等實(shi)(shi)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang),1906年(nian)(nian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)郵傳部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海高等實(shi)(shi)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)(tang),1912年(nian)(nian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)通(tong)部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)專(zhuan)門(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao),1921年(nian)(nian)與唐山工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)專(zhuan)門(men)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao),北京郵電(dian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)、交(jiao)通(tong)傳習所合(he)并(bing)調劑,始名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。該校(xiao)經濟(ji)條件(jian)較(jiao)優,裝備(bei)也較(jiao)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)科(ke)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)完(wan)善。畢(bi)(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)成績優良(liang)者,送昔日(ri)本、比(bi)利(li)時、英國(guo)和美(mei)國(guo)留學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)或實(shi)(shi)習。南洋(yang)(yang)公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)曾造就了1批科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技術人(ren)材(cai),對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)近現代(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)發展,作出了貢獻。
由(you)于(yu)19世紀末天津產生義和團運(yun)動(dong),因此北洋(yang)大學堂(tang)的師生被(bei)波(bo)轉移(yi)到南(nan)洋(yang)公學繼續教學,從而近代中國(guo)第(di)1批大學畢業生是在南(nan)洋(yang)公學畢業的。
南洋公學由(you)于地處上海租界,較少受烽(feng)火侵擾。當時(shi)教學所用全為麻(ma)省理(li)工(gong)學院的(de)原版教材,時(shi)稱東方(fang)MIT。
1955年,鑒于當時(shi)的國際情勢,同(tong)時(shi)也為(wei)支援西北教育建設,國務院決(jue)定(ding)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)學在(zai)1955年至1957年兩個學年中分批遷(qian)往西安。1956年暑(shu)假,西安新校(xiao)舍(she)落成,學校(xiao)第1批西遷(qian)開始。最(zui)后(hou)實驗裝備,圖(tu)書(約92%)和(he)檔案的大(da)部份,約60%的師(shi)生遷(qian)至西安,而其(qi)余則留在(zai)上海。交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)學分為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)學西安部份和(he)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)學上海部份。
1959年7月31日,經國務院批(pi)準,交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)兩部份獨(du)立(li)建(jian)校,分別成立(li)上(shang)海(hai)交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)和西(xi)安交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)。此時上(shang)海(hai)交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)有(you)19個(ge)專(zhuan)業,西(xi)安交(jiao)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)有(you)23個(ge)專(zhuan)業。上(shang)海(hai)交(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)是為教育部和上(shang)海(hai)市共(gong)建(jian)的全(quan)國重點大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue),被(bei)國家肯定為21世紀首批(pi)重點建(jian)設的若干所大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)之一。
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