中藥小(xiao)青龍湯主治外感風寒、寒飲內停病癥。
小青(qing)(qing)龍湯是由麻黃(huang)、桂(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)、半(ban)夏、五味子(zi)(zi)、甘草等(deng)中藥制成,麻黃(huang)、桂(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)發(fa)汗(han)解(jie)表的(de)(de)功效,桂(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)開宣肺(fei)(fei)氣(qi)以(yi)解(jie)咳(ke)喘(chuan)的(de)(de)作用。另外,半(ban)夏、五味子(zi)(zi)、甘草等(deng)具有(you)燥濕化痰(tan)、和胃降逆、斂肺(fei)(fei)止咳(ke)等(deng)功效,因(yin)此(ci)此(ci)湯劑具有(you)解(jie)表散寒、溫肺(fei)(fei)化飲的(de)(de)效果。外感內飲所(suo)致的(de)(de)支氣(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)、肺(fei)(fei)炎(yan)、百日咳(ke)、肺(fei)(fei)源性(xing)心(xin)臟病等(deng)疾病可(ke)遵醫囑使用此(ci)方進行調理(li),以(yi)改善惡寒發(fa)熱、頭身疼痛、咳(ke)嗽(sou)、喘(chuan)息、痰(tan)涎清稀而量多、胸痞等(deng)癥狀。小青(qing)(qing)龍湯還具有(you)宣鼻(bi)通(tong)竅的(de)(de)功效,鼻(bi)塞(sai)、流清鼻(bi)涕的(de)(de)患(huan)者(zhe)還可(ke)遵醫囑加辛夷、蒼耳子(zi)(zi)進行治療,此(ci)外,水腫患(huan)者(zhe)在醫生的(de)(de)指導下使用小青(qing)(qing)龍湯加茯苓(ling)、豬(zhu)苓(ling)進行調理(li),還可(ke)起到利水消腫的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。
小青龍湯應嚴(yan)格遵醫(yi)(yi)囑服用(yong),以免擅自(zi)用(yong)藥損傷身體(ti)健康(kang),服藥過程中如果出現任(ren)何不適,應及時(shi)尋求醫(yi)(yi)生的(de)幫助(zhu)。
這是小青龍湯合射干麻黃湯加石膏,小青龍湯解表散寒、溫肺化飲,主治:外寒里飲證;射干麻黃湯宣肺祛痰、下氣止咳,主治:痰飲郁結、氣逆喘咳證。石膏清熱瀉火。
該(gai)方對(dui)于肺部氣(qi)機的(de)(de)宣降,痰飲的(de)(de)排出,都是非常有針對(dui)性的(de)(de),病(bing)人可能(neng)還有點低熱,所以加石膏清熱。對(dui)于肺癌晚(wan)期(qi)的(de)(de)病(bing)人,肺功能(neng)的(de)(de)提升、肺氣(qi)的(de)(de)升降有力(li),才能(neng)促(cu)進身(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)抵(di)御能(neng)力(li)和修復能(neng)力(li),這個方子,不僅對(dui)癥,而且應該(gai)出自一名經(jing)驗(yan)豐富的(de)(de)中(zhong)醫之(zhi)手(shou)。
目錄(lu)1拼音2英文參考(kao)3概述4《傷寒論》方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 4.1組(zu)成4.2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)4.3功(gong)效(xiao)主治(zhi)(zhi)4.4方(fang)解(jie)4.5運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.6現代適(shi)應證 4.6.1支氣(qi)管炎4.6.2支氣(qi)管哮喘(chuan)4.6.3肺(fei)氣(qi)腫 4.7小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥理作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 4.7.1抗(kang)(kang)病原微生物作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.2抗(kang)(kang)炎、抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.3抗(kang)(kang)過敏及抗(kang)(kang)變態反應作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.4解(jie)痙平喘(chuan)、止咳化(hua)痰作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.5解(jie)熱、鎮痛作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.6對心血管的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4.7.7調節(jie)免(mian)疫功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 4.8歌(ge)訣4.9諧(xie)音趣記 5明·方(fang)賢著《奇效(xiao)良(liang)方(fang)》之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 5.1處方(fang)5.2功(gong)能(neng)主治(zhi)(zhi)5.3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)5.4出處 6《易簡方(fang)》之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 6.1方(fang)名6.2組(zu)成6.3主治(zhi)(zhi)6.4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)6.5各家論述 7《羅(luo)氏(shi)會約醫(yi)鏡》卷十九方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 7.1方(fang)名7.2組(zu)成7.3主治(zhi)(zhi)7.4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang) 8《玉機(ji)微義》卷十四方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 8.1方(fang)名8.2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)名8.3組(zu)成8.4功(gong)效(xiao)8.5小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)8.6加減 9《太(tai)平圣惠方(fang)》卷九方(fang)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 9.1方(fang)名9.2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)名9.3組(zu)成9.4主治(zhi)(zhi)9.5小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)9.6制備(bei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 10參考(kao)資(zi)料(liao)附:1古籍中的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)湯(tang)(tang)(tang) 1拼音 xiǎo qīng lóng tāng
2英文參考(kao) Small Qinglong Decoction [湘雅醫(yi)學(xue)專業詞典]
xiaoqinglong decoction [中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名詞審定(ding)委員會(hui).中(zhong)醫藥(yao)學名詞(2004)]
3概述 小(xiao)青龍(long)湯約有(you)(you)同(tong)名方劑6首,最為常用者為《傷寒(han)(han)論》方。組(zu)成為麻黃9g、桂枝9g、細辛6g、干姜(jiang)6g、白芍(shao)9g、半夏9g、五味子6g、炙(zhi)甘草(cao)6g。具有(you)(you)解表散寒(han)(han)、溫(wen)肺(fei)化飲(yin)(yin)之功(gong)效。主(zhu)治外(wai)(wai)寒(han)(han)內飲(yin)(yin)證(zheng)。癥見惡寒(han)(han)發熱,無汗(han),頭身(shen)疼痛,胸痞喘(chuan)咳,痰(tan)涎清稀量多,或痰(tan)飲(yin)(yin)喘(chuan)咳,不得平(ping)臥,或身(shen)體疼重,頭面四肢浮(fu)腫,舌苔白滑,脈浮(fu)。現(xian)用于慢(man)性支氣(qi)管(guan)炎,支氣(qi)管(guan)哮喘(chuan)、肺(fei)氣(qi)腫等屬外(wai)(wai)感風寒(han)(han),內有(you)(you)停飲(yin)(yin)者。[1]
4《傷寒(han)論》方(fang)(fang)(fang)之小青龍湯 實驗研究:本方(fang)(fang)(fang)對氣管平滑肌有松馳(chi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),并有抗(kang)過敏和抗(kang)膽堿能(neng)(neng)神經作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)[2]。該方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑對慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)氣管炎或急性(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo),支(zhi)氣管哮喘,老(lao)年(nian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)氣腫(zhong)3種(zhong)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)阻(zu)塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)疾病(bing)既能(neng)(neng)抗(kang)感染、抗(kang)變態反應、抗(kang)炎、解痙平喘、祛(qu)痰,又(you)能(neng)(neng)鎮(zhen)靜(jing)、減輕氧(yang)耗。既能(neng)(neng)對一般癥狀進行(xing)(xing)治(zhi)療,又(you)能(neng)(neng)對并發(fa)(fa)癥、肺(fei)(fei)心(xin)病(bing)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)預(yu)防和治(zhi)療,其(qi)組方(fang)(fang)(fang)科(ke)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)、嚴密性(xing)(xing)(xing)不亞于現代(dai)醫(yi)學對上述3種(zhong)疾病(bing)的(de)治(zhi)療方(fang)(fang)(fang)案,而且重視了(le)自身(shen)免疫功能(neng)(neng)的(de)調節特別注(zhu)意(yi)到慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)阻(zu)塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)肺(fei)(fei)疾患血(xue)液高凝狀態的(de)治(zhi)療。中醫(yi)學中該方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時對陰虛干咳(ke)、無痰或痰熱,癥見咳(ke)痰黃稠、舌苔(tai)黃、口渴、脈數不宜使(shi)(shi)用(yong),這可能(neng)(neng)與麻黃能(neng)(neng)誘發(fa)(fa)心(xin)動過速(su)有關,本來(lai)脈數的(de)人加麻黃則脈更速(su);半夏可抑制腺(xian)體(ti)分(fen)泌(mi),有阿托(tuo)品(pin)樣作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),故(gu)而不利于痰黃稠時痰的(de)稀釋(shi);口渴時說明體(ti)液不足(zu),桂枝有利尿(niao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),因此體(ti)液本來(lai)不足(zu)之軀,再予(yu)利尿(niao)當屬雪上加霜。[3]
麻黃(去(qu)節)9g、桂枝9g(去(qu)皮)、細(xi)辛6g、干(gan)姜6g、白芍9g、半夏9g(洗(xi))、五(wu)味子6g、炙甘草6g[4]
麻黃9g、桂(gui)枝9g、細辛6g、干(gan)姜6g、白芍9g、半夏(xia)9g、五(wu)味子6g、炙甘草(cao)6g[1]
麻黃(去(qu)節(jie))、芍藥、細辛(xin)、干姜(jiang)、甘草(炙)、桂枝(zhi)(去(qu)皮)各三兩(liang),五味(wei)子半升(sheng)(sheng),半夏半升(sheng)(sheng)(洗(xi))[5]。
上(shang)藥八味,以水(shui)一升(sheng),先(xian)煮麻黃去上(shang)沫,納(na)諸(zhu)藥,煮取300毫(hao)升(sheng),去滓,分兩次溫服。
若口渴,去(qu)(qu)(qu)半夏,加(jia)栝樓根(gen)9克(ke)(ke);微利,去(qu)(qu)(qu)麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)蕘花(hua)(熬令赤(chi)色)5克(ke)(ke);噎者,去(qu)(qu)(qu)麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)附子(炮)1枚;若小便不(bu)利,少腹滿者,去(qu)(qu)(qu)麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)茯苓12克(ke)(ke);若喘,去(qu)(qu)(qu)麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)杏仁(去(qu)(qu)(qu)皮、尖)9克(ke)(ke)。
以水一斗(dou),先煮(zhu)麻(ma)黃減二(er)升(sheng),去(qu)上沫,納諸(zhu)藥[5]。煮(zhu)取三升(sheng),去(qu)滓,溫服一升(sheng)[5]。
《傷寒(han)論》方(fang)之小青龍湯功能解表散寒(han),溫(wen)肺化(hua)飲,治傷寒(han)表不(bu)解,心下有水氣(qi)(qi),干(gan)嘔發(fa)熱而(er)咳(ke)(ke),或(huo)(huo)渴,或(huo)(huo)利,或(huo)(huo)噎,或(huo)(huo)小便(bian)不(bu)利,或(huo)(huo)少(shao)腹滿,或(huo)(huo)喘者;并治溢飲,身體重痛,肌膚悉腫。近代也用于慢(man)性(xing)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管炎、支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管哮喘、肺氣(qi)(qi)腫而(er)見喘咳(ke)(ke)痰白清稀者[2]。
方中麻黃、桂(gui)枝發汗(han)解表,兼能宣肺(fei)(fei)平(ping)喘;芍藥配(pei)桂(gui)枝以調和(he)(he)營衛;干姜、細辛內以溫化水(shui)飲(yin),外以發散風寒(han);半夏燥(zao)濕化痰,蠲飲(yin)降濁(zhuo);五(wu)味子斂肺(fei)(fei)止咳,并防溫藥耗散肺(fei)(fei)氣;甘草緩和(he)(he)藥性。共成散寒(han)解表,化飲(yin)平(ping)喘之劑[2]。
本方的配伍特點可歸納為:①以麻、桂(gui)解表散(san)寒,配白芍酸寒斂陰,使散(san)中有(you)收。②姜、辛、夏(xia)溫化(hua)痰飲(yin),配五味子斂肺止咳,令開中有(you)合,使之散(san)不傷正(zheng),收不留(liu)邪。[4]
2.加(jia)(jia)(jia)減(jian)法:若惡(e)寒甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe),可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)重(zhong)麻(ma)、桂(gui)用量(liang),以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)發(fa)汗解表的作用;若外寒較輕者(zhe)(zhe),可(ke)(ke)去(qu)桂(gui)枝,麻(ma)黃(huang)改用炙麻(ma)黃(huang);兼有內(nei)熱(re)而出現煩躁者(zhe)(zhe),可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)生石膏以(yi)清熱(re)除煩;若喉中痰鳴,可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)杏(xing)仁、款冬花(hua)、射干以(yi)化(hua)痰降氣平喘(chuan)(chuan)。[1]口渴者(zhe)(zhe),去(qu)半夏(xia)之燥,加(jia)(jia)(jia)天花(hua)粉以(yi)清熱(re)生津;喘(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)(jia)(jia)杏(xing)仁以(yi)利(li)肺平喘(chuan)(chuan)[4]。若口渴,去(qu)半夏(xia),加(jia)(jia)(jia)天花(hua)粉三兩(liang)(liang);微(wei)利(li),去(qu)麻(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)蕘花(hua)(炒令赤色)雞子(zi)大;噎者(zhe)(zhe),去(qu)麻(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)炮附子(zi)一枚;小便不(bu)利(li),少腹滿,去(qu)麻(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)茯苓四兩(liang)(liang);氣喘(chuan)(chuan),去(qu)麻(ma)黃(huang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)杏(xing)仁(去(qu)皮尖)半升[2]。
3.本方以惡寒(han)發熱,無汗,喘(chuan)咳(ke),痰多(duo)而(er)稀(xi),舌苔(tai)白(bai)滑,脈(mo)(mo)浮(fu)為(wei)證治要點。本方辛散溫化之力較強,必須(xu)確(que)屬水寒(han)相(xiang)搏于肺(fei)者(zhe),方可使用(yong),應視病人體質強弱酌定劑量。陰虛干咳(ke)無痰或(huo)痰熱,癥見咳(ke)痰黃稠,舌苔(tai)黃,口渴,脈(mo)(mo)數者(zhe)不(bu)宜使用(yong)。[4]
適應證:常用于慢性支(zhi)氣(qi)管(guan)炎或急(ji)性發作,支(zhi)氣(qi)管(guan)哮喘,老年性肺氣(qi)腫等(deng)病屬外(wai)寒(han)內飲證者(zhe)。
4.6.1支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎 支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎患者連續(xu)咳(ke)嗽(sou)、咳(ke)痰(tan)3個月以上(shang)(shang),或每(mei)年咳(ke)嗽(sou)2個月以上(shang)(shang),連續(xu)超(chao)過2年并(bing)除外心(xin)肺(fei)和(he)其他疾(ji)病(bing)者為慢性(xing)(xing)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎。其病(bing)因主要(yao)是機體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)呼吸(xi)道局部抵抗力(li)降低,外周常(chang)(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)微生物感(gan)(gan)染(ran),有害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、塵埃吸(xi)入、過冷(leng)過熱、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)干燥等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)微生物是腺病(bing)毒(du)、流感(gan)(gan)病(bing)毒(du)、呼吸(xi)道合胞病(bing)毒(du)、鼻病(bing)毒(du)、單純皰疹病(bing)毒(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)為流感(gan)(gan)嗜血桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)、肺(fei)炎鏈球菌(jun)(jun)、衣(yi)原(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、支(zhi)原(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。也有在(zai)病(bing)毒(du)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)基礎上(shang)(shang)繼發(fa)細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)感(gan)(gan)染(ran)者。同時吸(xi)人職業性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)塵及化學物質如花粉(fen)、粉(fen)塵或空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染(ran)大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的有毒(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti),或蛋白(bai)(bai)酶(mei)-抗胰蛋白(bai)(bai)酶(mei)失衡(heng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)蛋白(bai)(bai)質的過敏以及體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)的因素等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)均是常(chang)(chang)(chang)見(jian)(jian)的病(bing)因。病(bing)原(yuan)微生物在(zai)呼吸(xi)道生長繁殖及其代謝產物、毒(du)素等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)作用(yong)對(dui)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)黏膜破壞(huai),從而引起支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)黏膜充血、水腫,上(shang)(shang)皮細(xi)胞破壞(huai)、滲出和(he)原(yuan)核細(xi)胞浸潤(run)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),慢性(xing)(xing)期主要(yao)是支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁的慢性(xing)(xing)非特異性(xing)(xing)炎癥。臨(lin)床上(shang)(shang)主要(yao)以慢性(xing)(xing)咳(ke)嗽(sou)、咳(ke)痰(tan),兩(liang)肺(fei)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)可(ke)聞及干濕噦音(yin)為主要(yao)表現。
4.6.2支氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)哮(xiao)喘 支氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)哮(xiao)喘是由嗜酸性(xing)(xing)粒細胞(bao)(bao)、肥大(da)細胞(bao)(bao)和T淋(lin)巴細胞(bao)(bao)等多種炎性(xing)(xing)細胞(bao)(bao)參與的(de)慢性(xing)(xing)炎癥(zheng)(zheng)、變應性(xing)(xing)炎癥(zheng)(zheng)或過敏性(xing)(xing)炎癥(zheng)(zheng),這種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)炎癥(zheng)(zheng)使易感者對各種 *** 因(yin)子具有(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)高反(fan)應性(xing)(xing),并可引起呼吸(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)狹窄,表現(xian)為反(fan)復(fu)發(fa)作的(de)喘息、呼吸(xi)困難(nan)、胸(xiong)悶(men)或咳(ke)嗽等。支氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)哮(xiao)喘發(fa)病(bing)(bing)機制十分(fen)復(fu)雜,遺傳和環境(jing)因(yin)素(su)共同影(ying)響(xiang)哮(xiao)喘的(de)發(fa)展,其主要病(bing)(bing)理(li)改(gai)變為:①氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)黏膜(mo)中可見大(da)量炎性(xing)(xing)細胞(bao)(bao)浸潤;②氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)上皮損(sun)傷(shang)與脫(tuo)落,纖(xian)毛細胞(bao)(bao)有(you)不(bu)同程度的(de)損(sun)傷(shang),甚致(zhi)壞死;③氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)壁增(zeng)厚,黏膜(mo)水(shui)腫,膠原蛋白沉著;④氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)黏液(ye)腺腫大(da),血管(guan)壁通透性(xing)(xing)增(zeng)高,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)黏膜(mo)充血水(shui)腫,滲出物質增(zeng)多,黏液(ye)滯留導(dao)致(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)黏液(ye)栓形(xing)成;⑤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)平滑肌收縮,部分(fen)出現(xian)功能性(xing)(xing)改(gai)變及缺陷。臨(lin)床上主要表現(xian)為呼吸(xi)困難(nan),哮(xiao)鳴音。
4.6.3肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)腫 肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)腫大多(duo)是由慢性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)哮喘等發展而(er)來。其主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)理改(gai)變是由于上述病(bing)原微生物造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)黏膜不同程度(du)的纖維(wei)增(zeng)生或潰(kui)瘍,導致氣(qi)(qi)道狹窄和阻(zu)塞(sai)(sai)以及(ji)(ji)細支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)周圍炎(yan)(yan),從而(er)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖毛(mao)運動障(zhang)礙和痰液分泌(mi)增(zeng)多(duo),痰液不易排出(chu)而(er)阻(zu)塞(sai)(sai),進一步發展為支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)潰(kui)瘍、破壞(huai),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉芽組(zu)織和機化(hua),小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)塌(ta)陷(xian),從而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)阻(zu)塞(sai)(sai)性(xing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)腫。肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)腫時,肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)彈力(li)組(zu)織破壞(huai),肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)泡(pao)壁(bi)破壞(huai)抑制(zhi)終(zhong)末細支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)遠端部分包括呼吸性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)泡(pao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)泡(pao)囊及(ji)(ji)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)泡(pao)均膨脹擴張。初期肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)活(huo)量(liang)可正常,后期肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)活(huo)量(liang)下降(jiang),肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)血管(guan)(guan)(guan)痙(jing)攣(luan),血容量(liang)及(ji)(ji)血黏滯度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),再加(jia)(jia)上肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)毛(mao)細血管(guan)(guan)(guan)床(chuang)減少,從而(er)引起肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)循環阻(zu)力(li)增(zeng)高,使右心負(fu)荷加(jia)(jia)重,最后發展為肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)源性(xing)心臟病(bing)。
4.7.1抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)微生(sheng)物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 小(xiao)青龍湯(tang)中的(de)8味(wei)藥(yao)大多(duo)數具有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)微生(sheng)物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其中君(jun)藥(yao)麻黃(huang)、桂枝(zhi)對多(duo)數細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)如金黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)及(ji)白色(se)(se)(se)葡萄球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、百日咳(ke)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、結核(he)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、甲(jia)乙型鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、炭疽(ju)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、銅綠(lv)假(jia)單胞(bao)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、痢(li)疾桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、肺(fei)炎雙球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、流(liu)感(gan)嗜血(xue)(xue)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、奈瑟(se)雙球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)及(ji)常見皮膚真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對甲(jia)型流(liu)感(gan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、孤兒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒等均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。臣藥(yao)細(xi)辛醇浸出液(ye)及(ji)揮(hui)發油體(ti)外實驗有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對革(ge)蘭氏陽性菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、枯草(cao)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、結核(he)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。細(xi)辛所含黃(huang)樟醚有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。干姜(jiang)對霍亂弧菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、葡萄球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、沙(sha)門菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、肺(fei)炎球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、蓳色(se)(se)(se)毛癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、 *** 滴蟲(chong)(chong)等亦有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),同時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)顯著的(de)滅螺和(he)抗(kang)(kang)血(xue)(xue)吸蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。佐藥(yao)芍(shao)藥(yao)抗(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)強,抗(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)譜(pu)廣(guang),除(chu)對上述(shu)(shu)(shu)大部分細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)外,還對草(cao)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、副傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、變形桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)不同程度(du)的(de)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);對堇色(se)(se)(se)毛癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、許蘭黃(huang)癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等10余種真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),芍(shao)藥(yao)中的(de)沒食子(zi)酰基葡萄糖有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。五(wu)味(wei)子(zi)對上述(shu)(shu)(shu)絕大部分細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)直接抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。半夏有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。使藥(yao)甘(gan)(gan)草(cao)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)除(chu)對上述(shu)(shu)(shu)部分細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)外,還對阿米巴原(yuan)(yuan)蟲(chong)(chong)、滴蟲(chong)(chong)、幽門螺旋桿(gan)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),同時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);甘(gan)(gan)草(cao)甜素對艾(ai)滋(zi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、肝炎病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、單純皰疹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒Ⅰ型、水(shui)(shui)痘、腺(xian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒Ⅲ型、帶狀皰疹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、牛(niu)痘病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒等均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);甘(gan)(gan)草(cao)酸對柯薩奇病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、腺(xian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒、合胞(bao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒抑(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)強,甘(gan)(gan)草(cao)熱水(shui)(shui)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)對華支(zhi)睪吸蟲(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)殺蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。故從現代醫學角度(du)分析,上述(shu)(shu)(shu)各藥(yao)抗(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)譜(pu)有(you)(you)(you)互(hu)相補充作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。小(xiao)青龍湯(tang)對由上述(shu)(shu)(shu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)微生(sheng)物(wu)感(gan)染所致的(de)慢性支(zhi)氣管(guan)炎、支(zhi)氣管(guan)哮(xiao)喘(chuan)、肺(fei)氣腫有(you)(you)(you)治療作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
4.7.2抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 君藥(yao)麻(ma)黃(huang)提(ti)取物麻(ma)黃(huang)堿、偽麻(ma)黃(huang)堿、二(er)甲(jia)基(ji)苯基(ji)噻唑啉酮及(ji)合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偽二(er)甲(jia)基(ji)苯噻唑啉酮等通(tong)過(guo)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花生(sheng)四(si)烯酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)謝,抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前列(lie)腺素E2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物合(he)成(cheng)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)物質,對(dui)(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)早期滲(shen)出(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),同時對(dui)(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后期肉(rou)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)組織(zhi)形成(cheng)也有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。桂枝單味(wei)煎劑對(dui)(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多個環節(jie)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)影響,特別是抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前列(lie)腺素E的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)及(ji)釋(shi)放,清(qing)(qing)除自由(you)基(ji),可(ke)(ke)明(ming)(ming)顯降低(di)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)血管通(tong)透(tou)性(xing),抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棉(mian)球肉(rou)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)腫;桂枝揮發(fa)(fa)油可(ke)(ke)部分從(cong)呼(hu)吸道(dao)排出(chu)(chu),對(dui)(dui)呼(hu)吸道(dao)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)消炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。臣(chen)藥(yao)干姜有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)消腫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。細(xi)辛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發(fa)(fa)油及(ji)水(shui)和醇提(ti)取物則(ze)分別具有(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)解熱(re)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)腫、滲(shen)出(chu)(chu)及(ji)肉(rou)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)組織(zhi)增(zeng)生(sheng)均有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。佐藥(yao)五味(wei)子有(you)(you)與人(ren)參相似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應原樣作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),能增(zeng)強機(ji)體對(dui)(dui)非特異性(xing) *** 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防御能力(li);同時五味(wei)子水(shui)提(ti)液可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)動物RBC中SOD、全血GHSPx活性(xing)明(ming)(ming)顯升(sheng)高,血中及(ji)RBC中LPO水(shui)平(ping)明(ming)(ming)顯減少;五味(wei)子酚有(you)(you)直接清(qing)(qing)除氧(yang)自由(you)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li),使(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)肌MDA減少,使(shi)(shi)(shi)大腦SOD活性(xing)升(sheng)高,具有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。芍(shao)藥(yao)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芍(shao)藥(yao)總苷對(dui)(dui)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)血管通(tong)透(tou)性(xing)亢(kang)進、滲(shen)出(chu)(chu)、水(shui)腫及(ji)增(zeng)生(sheng)均有(you)(you)不同程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)多種(zhong)實驗性(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、特異性(xing)和免(mian)疫性(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)均有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)甘(gan)草具有(you)(you)保泰松或氫化可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),其抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)分主(zhu)要(yao)是甘(gan)草酸(suan)(suan)及(ji)甘(gan)草次酸(suan)(suan),通(tong)過(guo)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)PGE2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及(ji)減少PGE2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物而對(dui)(dui)多種(zhong)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)起作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),而且對(dui)(dui)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都有(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);甘(gan)草通(tong)過(guo)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纖(xian)維酶系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活化、降低(di)血清(qing)(qing)對(dui)(dui)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)細(xi)血管通(tong)透(tou)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)胞膜通(tong)透(tou)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亢(kang)進3個環節(jie)而發(fa)(fa)揮對(dui)(dui)免(mian)疫性(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),甘(gan)草酸(suan)(suan)及(ji)甘(gan)草次酸(suan)(suan)還(huan)能清(qing)(qing)除自由(you)基(ji),抑(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脂質過(guo)氧(yang)化反應。
從以(yi)上分析可(ke)以(yi)看出,青龍湯(tang)的配(pei)伍(wu)中(zhong)無(wu)論君、臣、佐、使各(ge)藥均有抗炎(yan)作用,而(er)且抗炎(yan)作用可(ke)作用于不同炎(yan)癥時期(qi)、不同種類的炎(yan)癥和炎(yan)癥的不同環節(jie),故而(er)對慢(man)性支(zhi)氣(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)、支(zhi)氣(qi)管(guan)哮喘、肺氣(qi)腫等慢(man)性炎(yan)癥有治療作用。足(zu)見前人在組方和臨床應(ying)用方面的科學性和嚴密性。
4.7.3抗(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)及(ji)抗(kang)變態(tai)反應(ying)(ying)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong) 青(qing)龍湯中(zhong)的(de)君藥(yao)(yao)麻黃(huang)水(shui)或(huo)醇(chun)提取(qu)物體(ti)外(wai)實驗呈(cheng)現抗(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),對(dui)與Ⅰ型變態(tai)反應(ying)(ying)有(you)關(guan)的(de)嗜(shi)堿性粒細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)及(ji)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)釋(shi)放(fang)組(zu)胺等(deng)化(hua)學(xue)介(jie)質(zhi)有(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),并(bing)呈(cheng)現抗(kang)補(bu)體(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),抑(yi)制(zhi)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)脫顆粒,抑(yi)制(zhi)致(zhi)敏(min)(min)豚鼠(shu)腸管組(zu)胺的(de)釋(shi)放(fang),緩解由抗(kang)原 *** 而增強(qiang)的(de)腸管蠕動。桂枝在嗜(shi)異性抗(kang)體(ti)反應(ying)(ying)中(zhong)顯示出抑(yi)制(zhi)補(bu)體(ti)活(huo)性作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),同時還(huan)能(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)脫顆粒,減(jian)少過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)介(jie)質(zhi)釋(shi)放(fang),故亦有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)抗(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。佐藥(yao)(yao)芍藥(yao)(yao)中(zhong)的(de)芍藥(yao)(yao)總苷通過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)T細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)調節,對(dui)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)免疫和(he)體(ti)液(ye)免疫具有(you)雙相(xiang)調節作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。五味(wei)子(zi)也(ye)有(you)抗(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。使藥(yao)(yao)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)中(zhong)的(de)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)酸、甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)次(ci)酸本身(shen)具有(you)類(lei)固(gu)醇(chun)樣作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)酸能(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)組(zu)胺釋(shi)放(fang)劑——化(hua)合物48/80引起的(de)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)脫顆粒,從而阻止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)釋(shi)放(fang);甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)粗提取(qu)物Lx能(neng)明顯抑(yi)制(zhi)抗(kang)原對(dui)卵(luan)白(bai)(bai)蛋白(bai)(bai)的(de)IgE應(ying)(ying)答,從而對(dui)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)性休克有(you)保(bao)護性效應(ying)(ying)。
4.7.4解(jie)痙(jing)平喘(chuan)、止咳(ke)(ke)(ke)化(hua)痰(tan)(tan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 麻(ma)(ma)黃所(suo)含麻(ma)(ma)黃堿(jian)(jian)或偽麻(ma)(ma)黃堿(jian)(jian)對(dui)支氣管(guan)平滑(hua)(hua)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)松弛作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),因而(er)可(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)張(zhang)支氣管(guan)而(er)發(fa)揮(hui)平喘(chuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),二者均(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)緩解(jie)由(you)組胺或乙(yi)酰(xian)膽堿(jian)(jian)所(suo)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)道阻力增加。麻(ma)(ma)黃平喘(chuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機制(zhi)(zhi)是:①直接興(xing)奮支氣管(guan)平滑(hua)(hua)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)β受體,激(ji)活腺(xian)苷酸環化(hua)酶(mei),升高細胞(bao)(bao)內cAMP,使(shi)平滑(hua)(hua)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)松弛;②可(ke)(ke)直接興(xing)奮支氣管(guan)黏(nian)膜(mo)(mo)血(xue)管(guan)平滑(hua)(hua)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)α受體而(er)使(shi)血(xue)管(guan)收(shou)縮(suo),降低血(xue)管(guan)通(tong)透性(xing),減輕支氣管(guan)黏(nian)膜(mo)(mo)水(shui)腫(zhong)(zhong);③阻止過(guo)敏介質釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放;④促(cu)進腎上腺(xian)素能(neng)(neng)(neng)神經(jing)末(mo)梢和腎上腺(xian)髓質嗜(shi)鉻細胞(bao)(bao)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放遞(di)質而(er)間接發(fa)揮(hui)擬腎上腺(xian)素作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。麻(ma)(ma)黃堿(jian)(jian)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)興(xing)奮呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)中樞,增加每(mei)分(fen)鐘(zhong)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)量,有(you)(you)(you)中樞性(xing)鎮(zhen)咳(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),麻(ma)(ma)黃揮(hui)發(fa)油亦具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)平喘(chuan)、祛(qu)痰(tan)(tan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。桂枝揮(hui)發(fa)油被吸(xi)收(shou)后,經(jing)肺排出,可(ke)(ke)稀釋(shi)(shi)(shi)其分(fen)泌液的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)稠度,呈(cheng)現(xian)祛(qu)痰(tan)(tan)止咳(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。臣(chen)藥(yao)(yao)干姜同樣具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)鎮(zhen)咳(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),五味子對(dui)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)系統有(you)(you)(you)興(xing)奮作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),且有(you)(you)(you)鎮(zhen)咳(ke)(ke)(ke)祛(qu)痰(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。芍藥(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)副交感(gan)神經(jing)末(mo)梢乙(yi)酰(xian)膽堿(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放,從而(er)對(dui)平滑(hua)(hua)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)起到解(jie)痙(jing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);芍藥(yao)(yao)總(zong)苷作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于神經(jing)中樞,直接改善(shan)細胞(bao)(bao)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi),從而(er)起到抗缺(que)氧的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。半夏有(you)(you)(you)鎮(zhen)咳(ke)(ke)(ke)祛(qu)痰(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),姜半夏對(dui)大鼠(shu)實(shi)驗性(xing)硅沉(chen)著肺的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),使(shi)全肺膠原(yuan)蛋白(bai)量降低,這些均(jun)對(dui)慢(man)性(xing)支氣管(guan)炎、支氣管(guan)哮喘(chuan)、肺氣腫(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)慢(man)性(xing)病理變化(hua)有(you)(you)(you)改善(shan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);甘草(cao)(cao)合(he)劑口服液能(neng)(neng)(neng)覆蓋在(zai)發(fa)炎的(de)(de)(de)(de)咽(yan)部(bu)黏(nian)膜(mo)(mo),緩和炎癥的(de)(de)(de)(de) *** ,甘草(cao)(cao)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)促(cu)進咽(yan)喉(hou)及支氣管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)泌,使(shi)痰(tan)(tan)液容易咳(ke)(ke)(ke)出,從而(er)起到鎮(zhen)咳(ke)(ke)(ke)祛(qu)痰(tan)(tan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),甘草(cao)(cao)還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)解(jie)平喘(chuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
4.7.5解(jie)熱(re)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong) 君藥(yao)(yao)麻(ma)黃堿通過激動α2受體提(ti)(ti)高中樞性痛(tong)(tong)覺閥值而產生鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。麻(ma)黃揮發(fa)油及萜松醇有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)熱(re)降溫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。桂枝中的(de)(de)(de)桂皮醛有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),同時(shi)具(ju)有(you)解(jie)熱(re)降溫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。臣藥(yao)(yao)干姜(jiang)亦有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)嘔作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。細辛揮發(fa)油及水(shui)提(ti)(ti)取物分(fen)別具(ju)有(you)解(jie)熱(re)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。半(ban)夏和(he)水(shui)半(ban)夏煎劑(ji)有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜催眠作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),同時(shi)增加戊巴(ba)比妥(tuo)鈉(na)的(de)(de)(de)催眠作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。甘草及芍(shao)藥(yao)(yao)均有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜解(jie)痙的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),芍(shao)藥(yao)(yao)中的(de)(de)(de)芍(shao)藥(yao)(yao)總苷(gan)除能(neng)解(jie)熱(re)、降溫外(wai)還(huan)有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)、抗癲癇的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。所以(yi)小(xiao)青龍(long)湯(tang)中的(de)(de)(de)大部分(fen)藥(yao)(yao)物具(ju)有(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)靜、解(jie)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),從而減少氧耗量,有(you)利(li)于上述疾病的(de)(de)(de)治療和(he)恢復。
4.7.6對心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 麻(ma)黃(huang)堿能(neng)(neng)(neng)使心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)收縮力增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)輸出量增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia),同(tong)(tong)時使心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張,血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流量增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia);奧苷(gan)麻(ma)黃(huang)堿可(ke)(ke)(ke)降(jiang)低血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)黏度、紅細胞(bao)比容和(he)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿黏度,同(tong)(tong)時有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓素(su)A2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合成,抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集,抗(kang)(kang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈粥樣硬化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。桂(gui)枝(zhi)煎劑能(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)冠脈血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流量,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)營(ying)養性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)流,改(gai)善(shan)缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)再灌注心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)功能(neng)(neng)(neng),減(jian)(jian)(jian)少LPO生成,提(ti)高SOD活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing),改(gai)善(shan)微循環;桂(gui)皮(pi)所(suo)含(han)桂(gui)皮(pi)油有(you)(you)(you)(you)利尿(niao)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),而(er)(er)(er)桂(gui)枝(zhi)揮發油可(ke)(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan),從而(er)(er)(er)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)活(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)瘀(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);桂(gui)皮(pi)醛可(ke)(ke)(ke)抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集,并有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)凝(ning)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)酶作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),降(jiang)低全(quan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)黏度。細辛所(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消旋(xuan)去(qu)甲烏藥堿有(you)(you)(you)(you)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),細辛能(neng)(neng)(neng)改(gai)善(shan)左(zuo)室泵功能(neng)(neng)(neng),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)收縮力,提(ti)高休克動(dong)(dong)(dong)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈壓(ya),降(jiang)低中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)靜脈壓(ya)。而(er)(er)(er)干(gan)姜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乙醇提(ti)取物能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接興奮心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟和(he)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)樞而(er)(er)(er)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)房(fang)自(zi)發性(xing)(xing)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong),干(gan)姜揮發油有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)凝(ning)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。抑制TXB2及PGS合成而(er)(er)(er)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集、抗(kang)(kang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形(xing)成作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);五味子(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)β受體阻滯作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),使心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)收縮力減(jian)(jian)(jian)弱(ruo),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)率減(jian)(jian)(jian)慢,降(jiang)低心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)耗(hao)氧(yang)量,同(tong)(tong)時可(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)高心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)內RNA和(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)細胞(bao)代謝酶活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing),加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)和(he)調(diao)節心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量代謝,改(gai)善(shan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)營(ying)養和(he)功能(neng)(neng)(neng),擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張冠狀動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈,擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan).,降(jiang)低動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)。芍藥總苷(gan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan),抑制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集和(he)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形(xing)成。而(er)(er)(er)半夏煎劑能(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)離體心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌(ji)(ji)冠脈流量,而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)律失(shi)(shi)常作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。甘草(cao)不僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)脂作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈粥樣硬化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),甘草(cao)提(ti)取液對多種原因(yin)所(suo)致心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)律失(shi)(shi)常均有(you)(you)(you)(you)拮抗(kang)(kang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),同(tong)(tong)時甘草(cao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異甘草(cao)素(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。上述各藥對于慢性(xing)(xing)支氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎、支氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)哮喘、肺(fei)氣(qi)腫血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)黏滯度升高有(you)(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);同(tong)(tong)時由于慢性(xing)(xing)阻塞性(xing)(xing)肺(fei)疾病(bing)肺(fei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈壓(ya)力增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高,必然導致右心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)損傷(shang),而(er)(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)青龍湯中(zhong)各味中(zhong)藥都具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)冠作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以及擴(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)張周圍血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)輕(qing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟后負(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),從而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)防(fang)止或治療心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)力衰竭。
人體體表面積計算器BMI指數計算及評價女性安全期計算器預產期計算器孕期體重增長正常值孕期用藥安全性分級(FDA)五行八字成人血壓評價體溫水平評價糖尿病飲食建議臨床生化常用單位換算基礎代謝率計算補鈉計算器補鐵計算器處方常用拉丁文縮寫速查藥代動力學常用符號速查有效血漿滲透壓計算器乙醇攝入量計算器
醫學百科(ke),馬上計算(suan)!
4.7.7調(diao)節免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong) 小(xiao)青龍配(pei)方除抗(kang)過敏、抗(kang)變態(tai)反應(ying)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)外,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)調(diao)節人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。臣藥(yao)(yao)(yao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)辛油(you)對(dui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)(ye)免(mian)疫(yi)、細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯抑制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)明(ming)顯抑制(zhi)(zhi)植物(wu)(wu)血凝素(su)(su)(PHA)誘(you)發的(de)(de)淋(lin)巴(ba)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)轉化,抑制(zhi)(zhi)溶血素(su)(su)抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)成(cheng)。芍藥(yao)(yao)(yao)水煎(jian)劑灌服可(ke)顯著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)小(xiao)鼠腹腔巨噬細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)吞(tun)噬的(de)(de)吞(tun)噬百分率(lv)指數,其(qi)主要 *** 物(wu)(wu)質為(wei)白芍總苷(TGP),TGP不僅對(dui)巨噬細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)激活分泌(mi)的(de)(de)多(duo)種(zhong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)因子(zi)(zi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)影響,而且(qie)對(dui)花生(sheng)四烯酸(suan)(suan)代謝的(de)(de)環氧(yang)化酶(mei)和脂氧(yang)化酶(mei)途(tu)徑均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)顯著(zhu)抑制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),并且(qie)可(ke)誘(you)生(sheng)干擾(rao)素(su)(su);芍藥(yao)(yao)(yao)二(er)酮對(dui)人(ren)單(dan)核細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)IL1的(de)(de)生(sheng)成(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)顯著(zhu)抑制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong);芍藥(yao)(yao)(yao)中分離出的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)多(duo)糖(tang)peonanSB及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中性(xing)(xing)多(duo)糖(tang)peonanSA均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)網(wang)狀內(nei)皮(pi)系(xi)統(tong)激活效果;體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)實驗表明(ming)TGP對(dui)T細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)呈機能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和濃度(du)依賴性(xing)(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)調(diao)節作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)促(cu)進特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)非(fei)特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)調(diao)節細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)誘(you)導,同時(shi)對(dui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)(ye)免(mian)疫(yi)也具有(you)(you)(you)(you)雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)調(diao)節作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),白芍煎(jian)劑對(dui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)(ye)免(mian)疫(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)增強作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。五味(wei)子(zi)(zi)粗多(duo)糖(tang)可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)機體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)非(fei)特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),升高(gao)外周(zhou)血WBC數;五味(wei)子(zi)(zi)油(you)乳劑可(ke)促(cu)進細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),促(cu)進淋(lin)巴(ba)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)DNA合(he)成(cheng);五味(wei)子(zi)(zi)醇對(dui)以(yi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)為(wei)主的(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)排(pai)斥(chi)反應(ying)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定抑制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。甘(gan)(gan)草不僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增強NK細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing),同時(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)誘(you)導干擾(rao)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)生(sheng)成(cheng)。甘(gan)(gan)草多(duo)糖(tang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高(gao)網(wang)狀內(nei)皮(pi)系(xi)統(tong)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單(dan)核細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)吞(tun)噬功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),甘(gan)(gan)草甜素(su)(su)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增強ConA誘(you)導的(de)(de)淋(lin)巴(ba)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分泌(mi)IL2的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力,抑制(zhi)(zhi)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)釋放組胺(an),抑制(zhi)(zhi)IgE、ConA、化合(he)物(wu)(wu)48/80誘(you)導的(de)(de)肥大(da)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)釋放組胺(an),甘(gan)(gan)草次酸(suan)(suan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高(gao)淋(lin)巴(ba)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)比率(lv);甘(gan)(gan)草Lx可(ke)降(jiang)低抗(kang)原量,抑制(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)成(cheng),β甘(gan)(gan)草次酸(suan)(suan)是人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)補體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經典途(tu)徑的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)(zhi)劑。
5明·方賢著《奇效良方》之小青龍湯
6《易簡方》之小青龍湯
7《羅氏會約醫鏡》卷十九方之小青龍湯
8《玉機微義》卷十四方之小青龍湯
9《太平圣惠方》卷九方之小青龍湯
小青龍湯(張仲景) 太陽行水發汗
小青龍湯治水氣 喘咳嘔噦渴利慰
姜桂麻黃芍藥甘 細辛半夏兼五味
〔組成與用法〕 麻黃去節9克 芍藥9克 干姜9克 五味子3克 甘草炙9克 桂枝去皮9克 半夏洗9克 細辛3克 水煎,去滓,分三次溫服。
〔功效與主治〕 解表蠲飲,止咳平喘。主治風寒外束,水飲內停,癥見惡寒發熱無汗,喘咳痰多而稀,或痰飲咳喘,不得平臥,或身體疼重,頭面四肢浮腫,舌苔白滑,脈浮者。
〔說明〕 本方所治證候,乃素有停飲,復感風寒所致。外寒內飲,扭結不解,單純解表則水飲不除,專于化飲則外寒不解,唯發汗化飲,內外合治,才是正法。所以方用麻黃、桂枝為君,發汗解表,除外寒而宣肺氣。干姜、細辛為臣,溫肺化飲,兼助麻、桂解表。然肺氣逆甚,純用辛溫發散,既恐耗傷肺氣,又須防止溫燥傷陰,故又以五味子斂肺氣,芍藥養陰血,并為佐制之用。半夏祛痰和胃而平逆氣,亦為佐藥。炙草益氣和中,又能調和于辛散酸收之間,兼具佐使之用。八味相配,使風寒解而水飲去,肺氣復舒,宣降有權,則諸癥自平。然方中五味子、芍藥用量不宜過多,以免戀邪。
本方為化飲解表之良劑,臨證以惡寒發熱無汗,咳喘痰多稀白,口不渴,苔白脈浮為使用依據。
本方與大青龍湯皆主風寒在表,但彼兼郁熱煩躁,此兼寒飲內停,所以兩者發表之藥相同,而治里之藥則別。大青龍湯配石膏以清熱除煩,本方則用姜、辛、半夏溫化寒飲,一佐寒,一伍熱,迥然有別,臨證切莫以其均名“青龍”而混淆誤用。
麥門冬湯
【來源】《金匱要略》卷上。
【組成】麥門冬60克 半夏9克 人參6克 甘草4克 粳米6克 大棗12枚
【用法】上六味藥,以水1.2升,煮取600毫升,分三次溫服。
【功用】清養肺胃,降逆下氣。
【主治】肺痿。肺胃津傷,虛火上炎,咳唾涎沫,氣逆而喘,咽干口燥,舌干紅少苔,脈虛數者。
【方論】方中重用麥門冬滋養肺胃,清降虛火為君;人參益氣生津為臣;半夏降逆化痰為佐;甘草、大棗、粳米益胃氣,生津液為使。諸藥合用,使肺胃氣陰得復,則虛火平,逆氣降,痰涎清,咽喉利,咳喘自愈。
清(qing)(qing)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)救(jiu)(jiu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)湯組成(cheng):桑葉(經霜)9克,石(shi)膏(鍛(duan))8克,甘草、胡麻(ma)仁(ren)、阿膠、枇(pi)杷葉(去毛)各3克,人(ren)(ren)參、杏仁(ren)各2克,麥(mai)冬4克。該方(fang)(fang)為(wei)清(qing)(qing)代醫家喻昌所制。方(fang)(fang)中重用桑葉質(zhi)輕(qing)性寒(han)(han),走肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)絡而(er)宣倆氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)清(qing)(qing)透(tou)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中燥(zao)(zao)(zao)熱之(zhi)(zhi)邪,體現了治“上(shang)焦如羽,非(fei)輕(qing)不(bu)舉”的(de)學術思想;由于桑葉入(ru)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、肝(gan)二(er)經,古人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)家肝(gan)藥”,兼有(you)清(qing)(qing)肝(gan)熱的(de)作用,能夠防止在肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陰兩(liang)虛時(shi),遭到肝(gan)木(mu)的(de)反侮,是為(wei)君(jun)藥。再用石(shi)膏之(zhi)(zhi)辛寒(han)(han),涼而(er)能散,有(you)透(tou)表解肌之(zhi)(zhi)力,以(yi)清(qing)(qing)瀉肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)熱;麥(mai)門冬甘寒(han)(han)以(yi)潤(run)(run)(run)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)養(yang)陰,共(gong)為(wei)臣藥。《難經》說“損其(qi)(qi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者益(yi)其(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,故(gu)用人(ren)(ren)參益(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)津,甘草補(bu)益(yi)脾胃,有(you)培土(tu)生(sheng)金(jin)復津液(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)妙;阿膠、胡麻(ma)仁(ren)養(yang)陰潤(run)(run)(run)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),使(shi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)得清(qing)(qing)潤(run)(run)(run),諸癥(zheng)自除;杏仁(ren)、枇(pi)杷葉清(qing)(qing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、降(jiang)、肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)火(huo),以(yi)上(shang)6味均為(wei)佐藥。全方(fang)(fang)功能清(qing)(qing)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)熱,降(jiang)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)逆,救(jiu)(jiu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu),故(gu)名“清(qing)(qing)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)救(jiu)(jiu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”。喻氏有(you)感于“古今治氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郁之(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang),用辛燥(zao)(zao)(zao)行氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),絕無一方(fang)(fang)治肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)者,宗甘涼滋(zi)潤(run)(run)(run)之(zhi)(zhi)法,制清(qing)(qing)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)救(jiu)(jiu)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)湯”。
小青龍合劑源于東漢時期醫圣張仲景《傷寒論》中的小青龍湯,經用現代科學技術提取精制而成,具有解表化飲,止咳平喘之功效。它在我國民間和臨床應用已有千百萬年歷史,用于治療肺炎咳嗽、風寒水飲喘咳痰稀等。西醫診斷為急性支氣管炎、肺炎慢性支氣管炎。急性發作和支氣管擴張繼發感染爭性發作,以及感冒所致的咳嗽、痰多等癥。療效確切,功效顯著,是不可多得的千古良方。然而傳統劑型存在著口味不好、攜帶不便、質量不穩定等缺點,療效也大打折扣。小青龍合劑克服了以往的缺點,既確保了藥物的療效,又能方便患者服用,充分體現了現代化高科技與傳統醫藥的高度結合。
【處方分析】
小青龍湯出自《傷寒論》,為醫圣張仲景所創,方中麻黃、桂枝發汗解表,兼能宣肺平喘;芍藥配桂枝以調和營衛;干姜、細辛內以溫化水飲,外以發散風寒;半夏燥濕化痰,蠲飲降濁:五味子劍肺止咳,并防溫藥耗散肺氣;甘草緩和藥性。共成散寒解表,化飲平喘之劑。中醫二千多年的臨床運用表明,該方治療因外受風寒、內有水飲引起的咳喘效果顯著,服用安全。小青龍合劑是小青龍湯的現代制劑,現代研究表明,該方有平喘,搞過敏,擴張外周血管,升高皮膚溫度,改善腎上腺皮質功能及肺功能等作用。
【產品特點】
1.止咳平喘祛痰,扶正固本,標本兼治。2.采用超臨界提取高分子爆破技術,活性成份更高。3.合劑劑型服用方便更宜吸收。4.現代中藥GMP認證企業生產療效更佳。5.安全可靠,成人兒童皆適用。
小青龍合劑說明書中國醫學健康網
【藥品名稱】 品 名:小青龍合劑 漢語拼音:Xiaoqinglong Heji
【成 份】 麻黃、桂枝、白芍、干姜、細辛、甘草(蜜炙)、法半夏、五味子。
【性 狀】 本品為棕黑色的液體;氣味香,味甜、微辛。
【功能主治】 解表化飲,止咳平喘。用于風寒水飲,惡寒發熱,無汗,喘咳痰稀。
【用法用量】 口服,一次10~20ml,一日3次,用時搖勻。
【注意事項】
1.當藥品性發生改變時禁止服用。
2.兒童必須在成人監護下使用并將此藥品放在兒童不能接觸的地方。
【批準文號】 國藥準字19983129
【規 格】 每瓶100ml 【包 裝】 玻璃瓶裝。
【貯 藏】 密封,遮光。 【有 效(xiao) 期】 2年。
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