江南卷柏

HerbaSelaginellaeMoellendorfii

(英)Moellendorf"sSpikemossHerb

【別名】　石柏、巖柏草、黃疸卷柏。

【來源】　為卷柏科植物江南卷柏SelaginellamoellendorfiiHieron.的全草。

【植物形態】　多年生常綠草本，高達40cm。主莖直立，禾桿色，下部不分枝，有卵狀三角形葉，疏生；上部3～4回分枝，分枝上葉二形，背腹各2列，腹葉（中葉）疏生。斜卵圓形，銳尖頭，基部心形，邊緣膜質白色，有微齒，背葉（側葉）斜展，覆瓦太，長0.3～0.6cm，單生枝頂；孢子葉卵狀三角形，龍骨狀，邊緣有齒。孢子期8～10月。

生于林下或溪邊。分布于長江以南各地、北至陜西南部。

【采制】　夏、秋季采收全草。

【化學成分】　含兩種醛類成分，另有酚性、酸性及中性物質。

【性味】　性平，味微甘。

【功能主治】　清熱利尿，活血消腫。用于急性傳染性肝炎、胸脅腰部挫傷、全身浮腫、血小板減少。

血小板(ban)減少治療方法有哪些

[治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)] 一(yi)(yi)(yi)、西醫治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) （一(yi)(yi)(yi)）治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)原則 去除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)，控制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)癥(zheng)狀，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)破(po)壞。 （二(er)）治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)措(cuo)施 1、腎上(shang)(shang)(shang)腺皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)：皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)抗體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)抗原抗體反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)核巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)趨(qu)化及吞(tun)噬作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)竇(dou)阻(zu)留，從而減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)破(po)壞；還能降低毛細(xi)(xi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管脆性(xing)(xing)，減(jian)(jian)輕出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；并能刺激(ji)(ji)(ji)骨(gu)髓造血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。對于初治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)ITP，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)均(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)張使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)，且劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)宜(yi)(yi)大，療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)程宜(yi)(yi)短(duan)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1mg-2mg，3-4周(zhou)(zhou)后(hou)不(bu)管有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)否療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)，均(jun)(jun)宜(yi)(yi)遞(di)減(jian)(jian)至(zhi)逐(zhu)漸停(ting)藥(yao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)減(jian)(jian)量(liang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是，達到緩解(jie)后(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)周(zhou)(zhou)遞(di)減(jian)(jian)5mg，直至(zhi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天20mg以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，使(shi)(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)維(wei)持(chi)(chi)在(zai)50×109/L以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，維(wei)持(chi)(chi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)6個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)免發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)6周(zhou)(zhou)未達緩解(jie)，考(kao)慮為(wei)(wei)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)失敗。不(bu)能為(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)恢復正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)而長期(qi)大量(liang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)。 2、丹(dan)那唑(zuo)(zuo)（Danazol）：是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄性(xing)(xing)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)，男性(xing)(xing)化副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)(shao)(shao)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能通過(guo)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)抗體產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)而提高血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)數。劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)0.2g，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)6個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)后(hou)減(jian)(jian)量(liang)至(zhi)停(ting)藥(yao)。復發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，再服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)取代(dai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)ITP首(shou)選之勢(shi)。亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)(yu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)聯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3、脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)切除(chu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)動(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)栓(shuan)塞(sai)術(shu)：脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)切除(chu)是治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)ITP的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)回升(sheng)，術(shu)后(hou)24小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)明顯(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)，1-2周(zhou)(zhou)達高峰，維(wei)持(chi)(chi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)平2個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。近期(qi)完全緩解(jie)率可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達70%-80%；但復發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)率達30-50%，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能與(yu)(yu)存在(zai)副(fu)(fu)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)肝臟參(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)破(po)壞有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)動(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)栓(shuan)塞(sai)術(shu)近年(nian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)行，創傷較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)(shao)(shao)但療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差。切脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)適(shi)應(ying)癥(zheng)：①經(jing)內(nei)科治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)積極(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)半年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；②皮(pi)(pi)(pi)質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)需30mg/d以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)才能止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；③激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)禁(jin)忌癥(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；④有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顱(lu)內(nei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)傾向經(jing)內(nei)科積極(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；⑤妊娠(shen)(shen)6個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)內(nei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。禁(jin)忌癥(zheng)：①年(nian)齡在(zai)2歲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；②有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)臟病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)及其他并發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)癥(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；③首(shou)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)早期(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例(li)；④妊娠(shen)(shen)晚期(qi)；⑤急(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)爆發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)型(xing)患者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。 4、免疫抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)；為(wei)(wei)三(san)線(xian)藥(yao)物，毒(du)副(fu)(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大。免疫抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)適(shi)應(ying)癥(zheng)：①激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)切脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；②伴(ban)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)功(gong)能亢進而又不(bu)能切脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長春新堿每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)周(zhou)(zhou)1mg-2mg，連(lian)(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4周(zhou)(zhou)，1-2周(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)回升(sheng)，但停(ting)藥(yao)后(hou)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)多(duo)(duo)不(bu)能維(wei)持(chi)(chi)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)磷(lin)酰(xian)胺每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5mg-3mg，分(fen)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平方(fang)米體表(biao)面(mian)積0.3g-0.6g，靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)3周(zhou)(zhou)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)硫唑(zuo)(zuo)嘌呤每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1mg-3mg，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，常(chang)(chang)須4周(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)才見(jian)(jian)效(xiao)(xiao)；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)環(huan)胞(bao)素(su)(su)A，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10mg，分(fen)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，缺(que)點(dian)(dian)是昂貴。 5、他莫昔(xi)芬：可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)競(jing)爭抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)雌激(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)與(yu)(yu)T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)結(jie)合(he)(he)而升(sheng)高血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)10mg，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。見(jian)(jian)效(xiao)(xiao)慢(man)，宜(yi)(yi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)3個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，待血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)復常(chang)(chang)后(hou)2個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)再停(ting)藥(yao)。 6、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)輸血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于ITP急(ji)(ji)救(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)切脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)術(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)準(zhun)備或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)難治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)ITP。 ⑴ 靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丙(bing)種球蛋(dan)白(bai)：療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)佳，但價(jia)格高。機(ji)理(li)(li)：①抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)抗體產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；②封閉單(dan)核-巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)Fc受體；③保護血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)免被抗體覆蓋和(he)致敏；④清(qing)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)感(gan)染灶。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.4g，連(lian)(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5天，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)時周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)(xing)給予每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤(jin)(jin)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.5g。 ⑵ 血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿置(zhi)換(huan)術(shu)：能去除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大量(liang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)抗體，使(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)近期(qi)緩解(jie)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)：每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新鮮血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿1000-3000ml，至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)連(lian)(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。缺(que)點(dian)(dian)是費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高，且反(fan)(fan)復使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)易產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)種免疫抗體。 ⑶ 濃縮血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，因(yin)ITP輸血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)大部(bu)分(fen)被破(po)壞，療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)差而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本高。僅(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于救(jiu)(jiu)急(ji)(ji)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)切脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)術(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。 二(er)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) （一(yi)(yi)(yi)）證候(hou)(hou)特征 ITP的(de)起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)急(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)緩，表(biao)現(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、齒(chi)衄(nv)(nv)、舌(she)(she)衄(nv)(nv)、鼻(bi)衄(nv)(nv)、尿(niao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、崩(beng)漏為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)，亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)咳血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，便(bian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)動(dong)風(feng)閉竅、暴盲(mang)等危侯。屬(shu)實(shi)火者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)急(ji)(ji)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)程較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)，紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)色(se)(se)(se)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紅(hong)(hong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)融合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片(pian)(pian)，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)肢體陽(yang)面(mian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，甚(shen)則遍布(bu)(bu)周(zhou)(zhou)身(shen)(shen)，兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)熱妄(wang)(wang)行證候(hou)(hou)；屬(shu)虛(xu)(xu)火者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)急(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)緩，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)程較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長，紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)色(se)(se)(se)絳紅(hong)(hong)，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)肢體陰(yin)面(mian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陰(yin)虛(xu)(xu)火旺(wang)證候(hou)(hou)；屬(shu)氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)緩病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)程較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長，反(fan)(fan)復發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)，紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)色(se)(se)(se)淡紅(hong)(hong)，兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)腎氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)證候(hou)(hou)；屬(shu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)急(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)緩，紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)色(se)(se)(se)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)暗(an)，兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)阻(zu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)氣(qi)(qi)滯血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)證候(hou)(hou)。 （二(er)）治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)要點(dian)(dian) 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)ITP應(ying)當(dang)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標，辨證以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)首(shou)當(dang)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之后(hou)，離經(jing)之血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)停(ting)留體內(nei)，即為(wei)(wei)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，故止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)消斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)既是本病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標之法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，又是基本治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。辨證治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本方(fang)面(mian)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)熱妄(wang)(wang)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，配以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)清(qing)熱涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；陰(yin)虛(xu)(xu)火旺(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，兼(jian)宜(yi)(yi)滋(zi)陰(yin)清(qing)熱；氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)不(bu)攝(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，結(jie)合(he)(he)益(yi)氣(qi)(qi)攝(she)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)阻(zu)絡(luo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，并當(dang)活(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)寧絡(luo)。證情(qing)兼(jian)夾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，據其具體辨證，靈(ling)活(huo)配用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)述法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)則。 （三(san)）分(fen)型(xing)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) 1、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)熱妄(wang)(wang)行 主(zhu)(zhu)證 起(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)急(ji)(ji)，皮(pi)(pi)(pi)下出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)點(dian)(dian)，色(se)(se)(se)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紅(hong)(hong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)融合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片(pian)(pian)，甚(shen)則遍布(bu)(bu)全身(shen)(shen)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱夜甚(shen)，心(xin)煩(fan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)口(kou)(kou)(kou)渴，便(bian)秘，尿(niao)黃(huang)，常(chang)(chang)伴(ban)鼻(bi)衄(nv)(nv)、齒(chi)衄(nv)(nv)，尿(niao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，便(bian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色(se)(se)(se)深紅(hong)(hong)質(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)稠，舌(she)(she)紅(hong)(hong)絳，苔薄黃(huang)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)弦數或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)細(xi)(xi)滑數。 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 清(qing)熱解(jie)毒(du)，涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)消斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。 例(li)方(fang) 犀角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)黃(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、清(qing)營湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、化斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。 常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao) 水(shui)(shui)牛角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)、丹(dan)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、赤芍、丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)、玄參(can)(can)(can)、麥(mai)冬、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、地(di)(di)榆(yu)炭(tan)、側(ce)柏(bo)炭(tan)、梔(zhi)子(zi)炭(tan)、茜(qian)(qian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)根(gen)、銀花(hua)、連(lian)(lian)(lian)翹。 應(ying)急(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施 紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)合(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)50ml或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)寧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)散4克-8克，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 江南卷(juan)柏(bo)片(pian)(pian)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)4片(pian)(pian)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 清(qing)開靈(ling)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)20ml-40ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)250ml-500ml中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 復方(fang)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-20ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)250ml中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 2、陰(yin)虛(xu)(xu)火旺(wang) 主(zhu)(zhu)證 皮(pi)(pi)(pi)膚散在(zai)性(xing)(xing)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)點(dian)(dian),色(se)(se)(se)鮮紅(hong)(hong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)青(qing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，時輕時重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夜間出(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)更多(duo)(duo)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)伴(ban)鼻(bi)衄(nv)(nv)、齒(chi)衄(nv)(nv)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)月(yue)(yue)經(jing)過(guo)多(duo)(duo)，崩(beng)漏，五心(xin)煩(fan)熱，潮熱盜汗，午后(hou)及夜間尤(you)甚(shen)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腰膝酸軟，口(kou)(kou)(kou)干咽燥，舌(she)(she)紅(hong)(hong)苔少(shao)(shao)(shao)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)細(xi)(xi)數。 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 滋(zi)陰(yin)清(qing)熱，寧絡(luo)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。 例(li)方(fang) 茜(qian)(qian)根(gen)散合(he)(he)二(er)至(zhi)丸。 常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao) 茜(qian)(qian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)根(gen)、側(ce)柏(bo)葉、仙(xian)鶴草(cao)(cao)(cao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)、阿膠、女貞子(zi)、旱蓮草(cao)(cao)(cao)、赤芍、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)、丹(dan)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、地(di)(di)骨(gu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、蒲黃(huang)炭(tan)、梔(zhi)子(zi)炭(tan)。 應(ying)急(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施 復方(fang)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-20ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)250ml中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)20ml-30ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)250ml中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)康口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-20ml，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)-4次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 3.氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)不(bu)攝(she) 主(zhu)(zhu)證 紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)色(se)(se)(se)淡紅(hong)(hong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)散在(zai)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)，反(fan)(fan)復發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)，遇勞加(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，頭暈疲乏，心(xin)悸(ji)氣(qi)(qi)短(duan)，面(mian)色(se)(se)(se)蒼白(bai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)萎黃(huang)，納呆便(bian)溏，口(kou)(kou)(kou)淡聲低，舌(she)(she)淡或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)齒(chi)印，苔白(bai)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)細(xi)(xi)弱。 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 健脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)養血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，益(yi)氣(qi)(qi)攝(she)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。 例(li)方(fang) 歸脾(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。 常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao) 黨參(can)(can)(can)、黃(huang)芪、白(bai)術(shu)、茯苓、雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)藤、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)余炭(tan)、花(hua)蕊(rui)石、棕(zong)櫚炭(tan)、三(san)七(qi)、山藥(yao)、阿膠。 應(ying)急(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施 黃(huang)芪注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-30ml加(jia)5%葡萄糖注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 麗參(can)(can)(can)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-20ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 參(can)(can)(can)麥(mai)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)20ml-30ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 4.瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)阻(zu)絡(luo) 主(zhu)(zhu)證 皮(pi)(pi)(pi)下紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，色(se)(se)(se)暗(an)青(qing)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)下或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)肌層下血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)脅下癥(zheng)塊，大便(bian)色(se)(se)(se)黑(hei)(hei)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)面(mian)色(se)(se)(se)黎黑(hei)(hei)，眼眶暗(an)黑(hei)(hei)，唇甲色(se)(se)(se)暗(an)，月(yue)(yue)經(jing)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)棕(zong)黑(hei)(hei)如(ru)咖啡，舌(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)暗(an)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)點(dian)(dian)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)舌(she)(she)下脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)絡(luo)粗(cu)張瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)弦澀(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)細(xi)(xi)澀(se)(se)。 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 活(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化瘀(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，寧絡(luo)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。 例(li)方(fang) 桃(tao)(tao)紅(hong)(hong)四物湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。 常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao) 桃(tao)(tao)仁、紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)、當(dang)歸、川芎、赤芍、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)、三(san)七(qi)、制(zhi)(zhi)大黃(huang)、炒蒲黃(huang)、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)珠草(cao)(cao)(cao)、茜(qian)(qian)根(gen)、仙(xian)鶴草(cao)(cao)(cao)。 應(ying)急(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施 血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)康口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)10ml-20ml，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 云南白(bai)藥(yao)0.5g-1g，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)合(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)50ml或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)寧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)散4-8g，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。 復方(fang)丹(dan)參(can)(can)(can)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)16ml-20ml，加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 5.濕(shi)熱蘊(yun)蒸 主(zhu)(zhu)證 紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)兼(jian)鼻(bi)衄(nv)(nv)，齒(chi)衄(nv)(nv)，甚(shen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)尿(niao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、便(bian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色(se)(se)(se)深紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)鮮紅(hong)(hong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)身(shen)(shen)熱不(bu)揚，胸悶惡(e)心(xin)，納呆溲黃(huang)，頭身(shen)(shen)困(kun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)粘(zhan)(zhan)，舌(she)(she)質(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)，苔黃(huang)膩，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)濡數。 治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 清(qing)熱去濕(shi)，涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 例(li)方(fang) 二(er)妙散合(he)(he)槐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)丸。 常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao) 蒼術(shu)、黃(huang)柏(bo)、槐花(hua)、地(di)(di)榆(yu)、黃(huang)芩、防風(feng)、枳殼、竹(zhu)茹(ru)、蘇葉、黃(huang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)、茜(qian)(qian)根(gen)葉、地(di)(di)膚子(zi)、白(bai)蘚(xian)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、仙(xian)鶴草(cao)(cao)(cao)、土(tu)茯苓。 應(ying)急(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施 雙黃(huang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)粉針劑(ji)(ji)2g-3g加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 清(qing)開靈(ling)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)液(ye)(ye)(ye)20ml-30ml加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滴(di)(di)(di)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。

過敏性紫(zi)癜是(shi)什麼

過敏性紫癲也叫過敏性血管炎、出血性毛細血管中毒病、過敏性血管性紫癲。本病多見于兒童。主要是由于各種原因引起的血管炎癥反應，致使血管壁通透性增加，血液滲入皮膚或新膜而表現為皮膚青紫（淤點、淤斑）、關節痛、腹痛，甚至累及腎臟。其確切的病因尚不十分明確，已知細菌、病毒、食物、藥物以及化學中毒等可能是誘發因素，絕大多數病人發病前先有發熱、咽痛等呼吸道感染癥狀。目前認為溶血性鏈球菌是重要的過敏原，這些因素不是直接作用于血管，而是通過變態反應引起血管炎癥反應。根據臨床表現的特點，過敏性紫癲可分為以下幾種類型。

（1）單純性紫癲：常突然發病，損害局限于皮膚上，表現為針頭至黃豆大的淤點、淤斑。主要發生于下肢，尤其是雙小腿伸側。皮疹分批陸續發出，每批約經2～3周消退，由于反復發作，病程可達數月至數年之久。本型一般無全身不適，病情重者有發熱、頭痛等癥狀。

（2）關節型紫痛：起病時先有發熱、咽痛、乏力、惡心嘔吐等前驅癥狀，爾后皮膚出現紫瞟、風團、紅斑，甚至有水瘡、血疤、壞死或潰瘍。皮損可發生于關節附近，伴關節疼痛是本型的主要特點，病程久者，關節可變形而影響關節功能。容易受累的關節有膝關節、肘關節、踝關節與腕關節等。此型可在數月至兩三年內自愈，但容易復發。

（3）胃腸型紫癲：本型多見于兒童及老年人，因為除皮膚有紫疫等損害外，還有腹痛癥狀，所以稱為胃腸型紫疲，表現為臍周或下腹部隱痛或絞痛，伴有食欲不振、惡心嘔吐、便秘腹瀉以及便血等癥狀，個別可伴有腸套疊、腸穿孔甚至死亡。

（4）腎型紫捷：小兒如果發生過敏性紫癲常伴有腎臟損害，稱為腎型紫瞟，常有血尿、蛋白尿、管型尿，嚴重者可發生腎功能衰竭，出現無尿、浮腫、高血壓等癥狀。患有這一型的過敏性紫瞟，應及時到醫院診治，以免引起嚴重后果。成年人發生本型紫級，預后較差。

發病后如能及時驅除致病因素，對癥處理，則較容易治愈。一般的治療措施是口服維生素C，鈣劑（葡萄糖酸鈣）和蘆丁等以減少血管通透性。皮質類固醇激素治療過敏性紫瞟效果較好，特別是能減輕關節痛和胃腸道癥狀，但不能預防新淤點出現和防止腎臟損害

另外,過敏性紫癲禁吃什么?
首先，應禁食各種致敏食物。食物過敏是引起此病的一個主要原因，許多食物中的異體蛋白質可引起過敏性紫癜，這些食物主要有魚，蝦，蟹，蛋，牛奶，蠶豆，菠蘿等。病人一旦發現某種食物有致敏作用，應終身禁用這種食物，同時也不可使用與這種食物接觸過的炊具和餐具。另外，過敏性紫癜患者最好不要食用自己從未吃過的新鮮花蕾之類的蔬菜，因為有報道說，植物花粉也是一種常見的致敏物。

其次，過敏性紫癜患者常因出血過多而致貧血，因此要適當多吃富含蛋白質及補血食物，以補充機體的需要。這些食物主要有瘦肉，禽蛋，動物肝，腎，菠菜，西紅柿，海帶，紫菜，木耳，大棗和豆類及其制品。

另外，應多吃高維生素C食物，維生素C有減低毛細血管通透性和脆性作用，患者多吃這些食物有助于康復。富含維生素C的食物有柚子，橙子，柑橘，蘋果，檸檬，草莓，獼猴桃，西紅柿以及各種綠葉蔬菜等。

值得注意的是，過敏性紫癜患者的飲食，既要補充各種營養食品，又要盡
量使食物清淡些，有腎臟損害者應限制食鹽和水份的攝入。

過敏性紫癜患者可選用下列食療方法：

花生仁煲大蒜：取花生仁，大蒜各1 OOg。將花生仁，大蒜放入砂鍋內，
文火燉熟。隔日1次，連食4～6天。
食療方法
1、敏源若是食物，應盡量設法確定是哪種食物，并嚴格禁食該食物。高蛋白膳食，瘦肉、動物肝臟、蛋及豆制品等優質蛋白應充分保證。
2、高維生素食物，尤其是含維生素C的食物對維持血管正常功能有重要作用。
3、對有消化道癥狀者，可根據病情給預流質或半流質飲食；對有腎臟損害者，應限鹽限水。
食物選擇
1、魚、蝦、蟹、蛋、奶等動物性食品，以及蠶豆、菠蘿、花粉等植物性食物有可能成為過敏源，這些食物引起的過敏性紫癜發病率可占10~15%，應逐一加以排除。
2、含維生素C豐富的食物主要有新鮮蔬菜、水果，特別是綠葉蔬菜、青椒、柑桔、鮮棗、獼猴桃、刺黎等。冬季蔬菜淡季時綠豆芽也是很好的維生素C來源。
3、調劑食用動物性優質蛋白質和豆制品。
食療方
1、花生皮燉紅棗：花生米皮20g、紅棗50g、白糖適量。將上兩味加水適量，煮至棗肉爛即可，加白糖適量調味，吃棗喝湯。
2、紅棗燉兔肉：兔肉150g、紅棗15枚，鹽、味精適量。將兔肉洗凈，切塊，與紅棗同放瓦鍋內，隔水燉熟，加入鹽、味精調味。吃肉喝湯，每天一次。
3、藕棗：藕節250g、大棗500g，將藕節洗凈、切碎；大棗洗凈與藕節同放鍋內加水燒開，改用文火煮至汁水將盡時去藕節。
4、綠豆紅棗湯：綠豆、紅棗各50g，紅糖適量，將綠豆、紅棗洗干凈后加水適量，煮至綠豆開花，紅棗漲圓時，加紅糖適量即成。
5、蕹菜雞蛋湯：雞蛋2個，連根蕹菜（空心菜）250g，鹽適量。將雞蛋用油煎熟，取蕹菜用水煮熟后撈起，在換水和煎蛋一同煮沸即成，酌加鹽調味食用。
6、蕎麥葉藕節湯：蕎麥葉100g、藕節4個，冰糖適量，水煎服，每日服兩次。
7、羊骨糯米粥：新鮮羊骨500g，糯米50~100g，生姜3~5片，蔥百兩節，鹽適量。將羊骨洗凈、打碎，加水適量煎湯，取汁代水，如糯米煮粥，待粥將熟時，加入精鹽、生姜、蔥白，稍煮即可。
8、赤(chi)芍生(sheng)地銀花飲：生(sheng)地25g、雙花30g、赤(chi)芍10g，蜂蜜(mi)適(shi)量。將上三味藥加(jia)水煎取汁，加(jia)蜂蜜(mi)調味，分2~3次服用。

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