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每天最少學一味中藥——款冬花!

過山(shan)龍 2023-07-20 21:45:49

款冬花

來源本品(pin)為菊(ju)科(ke)植物款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)Tussilago farfara L.的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)燥(zao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。產(chan)地主產(chan)河南、甘(gan)肅、山西、陜西等地。采收加工(gong)12月或(huo)地凍前當花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)尚(shang)未出土時采挖,除去(qu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)和泥沙,陰干(gan)。性狀鑒(jian)別藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材呈長圓棒狀。單生(sheng)或(huo)2~3個基部(bu)連生(sheng),長1~2.5cm,直徑(jing)0.5~1cm。上(shang)端(duan)較粗(cu),下(xia)端(duan)漸細或(huo)帶(dai)有(you)(you)(you)短梗(geng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)面(mian)(mian)被(bei)有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)數(shu)魚鱗狀苞片。苞片外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)紫(zi)紅色(se)或(huo)淡紅色(se),內表面(mian)(mian)密被(bei)白色(se)絮狀茸(rong)(rong)毛。體(ti)輕(qing),撕開后可見白色(se)茸(rong)(rong)毛。氣(qi)(qi)香(xiang),味(wei)微苦而辛(xin)。飲片蜜(mi)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):形如(ru)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),表面(mian)(mian)棕黃(huang)色(se)或(huo)棕褐色(se),稍帶(dai)黏性。具蜜(mi)香(xiang)氣(qi)(qi),味(wei)微甜。性味(wei)歸經(jing)辛(xin)、微苦,溫。歸肺經(jing)。性能特點本品(pin)辛(xin)溫而潤(run),微苦而降,溫潤(run)不(bu)(bu)燥(zao),專入肺經(jing)。善潤(run)肺下(xia)氣(qi)(qi)、化(hua)痰止(zhi)咳(ke)(ke),凡咳(ke)(ke)嗽(sou)無論外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)感、內傷皆可酌投,寒嗽(sou)最(zui)宜(yi)。功效(xiao)(xiao)潤(run)肺下(xia)氣(qi)(qi),止(zhi)咳(ke)(ke)化(hua)痰。款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)妙記(ji)功效(xiao)(xiao)助(zhu)記(ji):現在流行傍大款(kuan),女(nv)大學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)季(ji)少(shao)女(nv)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)想法(fa)(fa),要知道,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)感情(qing)基礎只有(you)(you)(you)物質的(de)(de)(de)婚姻不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)受氣(qi)(qi)那么(me)簡單。主治病(bing)證多(duo)種(zhong)咳(ke)(ke)嗽(sou)。2015年(nian)版中國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典有(you)(you)(you)寫:用(yong)(yong)于(yu)新久咳(ke)(ke)嗽(sou),喘咳(ke)(ke)痰多(duo),勞嗽(sou)咳(ke)(ke)血。用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)量內服:煎湯,5~10g;或(huo)入丸散。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)感暴咳(ke)(ke)宜(yi)生(sheng)用(yong)(yong),肺虛久咳(ke)(ke)宜(yi)蜜(mi)炙用(yong)(yong)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)注意(yi)本品(pin)辛(xin)溫,易(yi)耗氣(qi)(qi)助(zhu)熱(re),故咳(ke)(ke)血或(huo)肺癰咳(ke)(ke)吐膿血者慎服。款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)故事張(zhang)籍是(shi)唐代著(zhu)名(ming)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren),唐貞元年(nian)間中進士(shi),曾(ceng)任太常(chang)寺(si)太祝、水(shui)部(bu)員外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)郎(lang)等職。張(zhang)籍家境(jing)貧寒,一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)體(ti)弱多(duo)病(bing),后還因患(huan)眼疾而失明,所以(yi)在當時就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)“貧病(bing)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)”之稱。有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次,張(zhang)籍不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)感風寒,連續數(shu)日(ri)咳(ke)(ke)嗽(sou)不(bu)(bu)絕。因無錢(qian)醫(yi)治,病(bing)情(qing)日(ri)漸加重。張(zhang)籍此時心急如(ru)焚,一(yi)(yi)籌莫(mo)展。此時,他(ta)忽然記(ji)起,曾(ceng)經(jing)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)位僧(seng)人(ren)向他(ta)說起一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao),治療久咳(ke)(ke)特別有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。于(yu)是(shi),他(ta)囑家人(ren)采來款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),煎服幾次后,病(bing)情(qing)大減(jian),咳(ke)(ke)嗽(sou)也(ye)止(zhi)。隨(sui)之他(ta)即興寫下(xia)了這樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)首(shou)詩(shi)(shi):“僧(seng)房逢(feng)著(zhu)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),出寺(si)吟(yin)行日(ri)已斜,十二街(jie)人(ren)春雪遍,馬蹄(ti)今(jin)(jin)去(qu)人(ren)誰家。”張(zhang)籍這首(shou)詩(shi)(shi)既反映了他(ta)對那次親身經(jing)歷(li)的(de)(de)(de)回憶(yi),更表達了詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)對中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)由衷贊美(mei)。 有(you)(you)(you)意(yi)思的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),宋代藥(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)家蘇(su)頌(song)的(de)(de)(de)《圖草本經(jing)》還記(ji)載款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)特殊用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)——療久咳(ke)(ke)熏法(fa)(fa)。每旦取(qu)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)如(ru)雞子(zi)許,稍用(yong)(yong)蜂蜜(mi)拌潤(run),納(na)入一(yi)(yi)密閉鐵(tie)鐺(dang)(dang)(dang)內,鐺(dang)(dang)(dang)上(shang)鉆一(yi)(yi)小孔,插入一(yi)(yi)筆管,鐺(dang)(dang)(dang)下(xia)著(zhu)炭火,待煙從筆孔口(kou)出,以(yi)口(kou)含(han)吸(xi)咽之,煙盡乃止(zhi),數(shu)日(ri)必效(xiao)(xiao)。單獨用(yong)(yong)款(kuan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)煙熏吸(xi)入以(yi)止(zhi)咳(ke)(ke),此法(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)說是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)頗有(you)(you)(you)創意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)發明,至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)也(ye)值得借鑒(jian)研究。 

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