2016年08月19日訊 近(jin)期，廈門大學兩個科研團隊聯合攻關，研制出一種(zhong)能(neng)促進受損的(de)肝臟(zang)、腸道及皮膚等器官修復(fu)與再生的(de)重(zhong)要小(xiao)(xiao)分子藥物(wu)，并在小(xiao)(xiao)鼠實驗中取得了優異的(de)治療(liao)效果。也許未來(lai)的(de)某一天(tian)，人們只需通(tong)過(guo)服藥，便(bian)可(ke)實現(xian)受損肝臟(zang)、腸道和皮膚的(de)修復(fu)與再生。這(zhe)被認為(wei)為(wei)再生醫學領域帶來(lai)了新的(de)“曙光”。
8月18日，這(zhe)項研究成果發(fa)表在新一期美國《科(ke)學(xue)》雜志子刊(kan)--《科(ke)學(xue)轉化(hua)醫學(xue)》上(shang)，并作(zuo)為(wei)封面(mian)文章進行重點推介。研究者是我校(xiao)生命科(ke)學(xue)學(xue)院的周大(da)旺教(jiao)授課(ke)題(ti)(ti)組、鄧賢(xian)明教(jiao)授課(ke)題(ti)(ti)組及北京大(da)學(xue)基礎醫學(xue)院的云彩紅教(jiao)授課(ke)題(ti)(ti)組。
據周(zhou)大旺介紹，以往在對受損肝臟(zang)進(jin)行修復與(yu)再生(sheng)治療時(shi)，主要(yao)是靠肝移植，而此次研究成(cheng)果表明，單純運用小分子藥物也可望促(cu)進(jin)肝臟(zang)的修復與(yu)再生(sheng)。
長期從事肝臟再生(sheng)研(yan)究的(de)周大(da)(da)旺教(jiao)授課題(ti)組將(jiang)研(yan)究目(mu)光鎖定在(zai)自己熟悉的(de)“老朋友”--Hippo信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號通路上。之前，周大(da)(da)旺教(jiao)授與(yu)其他科(ke)學(xue)家們發現，這種(zhong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號通路在(zai)調控(kong)器(qi)官(guan)再生(sheng)與(yu)尺寸大(da)(da)小方面具有重要(yao)作用(yong)。當該(gai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號通路中的(de)關(guan)鍵蛋白激酶Mst1/2的(de)基(ji)因缺失時(shi)，將(jiang)會導(dao)(dao)致包括(kuo)肝臟在(zai)內的(de)多個組織持續再生(sheng)，器(qi)官(guan)尺寸急劇增大(da)(da)，若不(bu)加以干預，組織過(guo)度增生(sheng)最終(zhong)會導(dao)(dao)致癌癥(zheng)的(de)發生(sheng)。簡言之，蛋白激酶Mst1/2是控(kong)制Hippo信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號通路實現調控(kong)器(qi)官(guan)再生(sheng)與(yu)尺寸大(da)(da)小的(de)分子“開關(guan)”。
那么，如果能(neng)研制出一(yi)種能(neng)“調控(kong)”這種蛋白激酶(mei)活性的(de)小分(fen)(fen)子藥(yao)物(wu)，器官(guan)再生和(he)修復也(ye)將變(bian)得“可控(kong)制”。經過(guo)周大旺教授課題組(zu)和(he)鄧賢(xian)明教授課題組(zu)四年的(de)研究(jiu)，一(yi)種易(yi)進(jin)入(ru)細胞易(yi)代謝的(de)小分(fen)(fen)子藥(yao)物(wu)被成功研制出來，并(bing)被命名(ming)為含有廈大校名(ming)的(de)名(ming)稱--“XMU-MP-1”。
課題組(zu)(zu)將(jiang)研究(jiu)成果(guo)用于小鼠實驗中。結果(guo)表明，該藥物不僅在(zai)蛋白和細(xi)胞水平(ping)上取得了(le)顯著活性(xing)，還在(zai)肝(gan)葉片切除、藥物泰諾(nuo)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)肝(gan)損傷、膽汁淤積引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)肝(gan)損傷和葡聚糖(tang)硫(liu)酸鈉(na)誘導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)腸炎中有優異的(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)效(xiao)果(guo)，能有效(xiao)提(ti)高肝(gan)臟(zang)再生初始階段的(de)(de)(de)速率(lv)，顯著降低急(ji)性(xing)肝(gan)損傷的(de)(de)(de)致死率(lv)，促進受損組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)修復等(deng)。
周大旺說，本(ben)項研究是激酶靶向藥物在促(cu)進組(zu)織再生和修復治療領域的新探索，已得到部分(fen)制藥公司的關(guan)注，目前正在接洽相關(guan)合(he)作事宜。研究也得到了包括新華社(she)、美國赫芬頓郵報、英國每(mei)日電訊報等(deng)中外媒體(ti)的關(guan)注。
周大旺(wang)同時(shi)透露，這一化學藥(yao)物已經申請國際專(zhuan)利。
特別值(zhi)得一提的(de)是(shi)，此(ci)項(xiang)研(yan)(yan)究是(shi)我校(xiao)科研(yan)(yan)團隊(dui)聯合(he)攻(gong)關、學(xue)(xue)科交叉互補的(de)又一重大(da)成(cheng)果。周(zhou)大(da)旺教(jiao)授課題(ti)(ti)組(zu)長(chang)期從事肝(gan)臟再生(sheng)、肝(gan)癌發生(sheng)發展等研(yan)(yan)究，課題(ti)(ti)組(zu)通過基因敲除、敲入或轉基因手段發現了(le)(le)Hippo通路(lu)在(zai)組(zu)織穩(wen)態(tai)維持中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)重要作(zuo)用，在(zai)此(ci)次研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)課題(ti)(ti)組(zu)主要負責小(xiao)分子(zi)藥(yao)物的(de)分子(zi)機制研(yan)(yan)究和(he)體內藥(yao)效評價；鄧賢明教(jiao)授課題(ti)(ti)組(zu)則長(chang)期從事靶向蛋白激(ji)酶的(de)小(xiao)分子(zi)藥(yao)物研(yan)(yan)究，在(zai)此(ci)次研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)課題(ti)(ti)組(zu)主要負責激(ji)酶抑制劑的(de)設計和(he)優化(hua)。兩個團隊(dui)緊密合(he)作(zuo)，優勢(shi)互補，形成(cheng)了(le)(le)強(qiang)有力的(de)科研(yan)(yan)攻(gong)關團隊(dui)。研(yan)(yan)究同(tong)時得到了(le)(le)北京大(da)學(xue)(xue)基礎醫學(xue)(xue)院云彩紅(hong)教(jiao)授團隊(dui)在(zai)結(jie)構藥(yao)理學(xue)(xue)方(fang)面的(de)大(da)力支持。
單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)即(ji)(ji)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，按(an)Bategnt的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定義指(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)500-3000的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)減(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)Lti。應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)到醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)領域，也(ye)(ye)包括(kuo)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)廣泛(fan)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(如(ru)(ru)五倍(bei)(bei)(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、石榴皮、仙鶴(he)草)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(谷(gu)豆(dou)(dou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)如(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麥、高(gao)(gao)梁、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)，果(guo)蔬(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)如(ru)(ru)洋蔥、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄，茶(cha)葉(xie)).單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)及(ji)礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，被視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，且會因菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)促或(huo)非菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)促氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)褐變而(er)(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唾液蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)締合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)而(er)(er)(er)(er)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)澀味也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味L3J，如(ru)(ru)茶(cha)葉(xie)、紅(hong)(hong)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄酒、柿(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、李于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、未完(wan)全(quan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)蕉含(han)(han)(han)(han)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獨(du)具(ju)(ju)(ju)風(feng)味。醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)上(shang)(shang)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)愈傷(shang)，抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌變、防(fang)止(zhi)心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近年酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)熱(re)點(dian)。 1 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)(huo)慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu) 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)、核酸(suan)(suan)等(deng)(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)這些(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)又取(qu)(qu)決于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。按(an)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)L3i，前(qian)者(zhe)指(zhi)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)酸(suan)(suan)或(huo)其(qi)衍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄糖(tang)(tang)或(huo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)元酵主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)酯鎂(mei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)稀酸(suan)(suan)、稀堿和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)較簡單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，又可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酸(suan)(suan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酸(suan)(suan))和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)逆沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酸(suan)(suan)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)逆沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酸(suan)(suan)即(ji)(ji)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)酸(suan)(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))，傳(chuan)統藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)，如(ru)(ru)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)消(xiao)炎(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五倍(bei)(bei)(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、保(bao)護(hu)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)粘(zhan)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山枝葉(xie)、治(zhi)療心(xin)(xin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牡丹根(gen)皮等(deng)(deng)；縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)系輕基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)黃烷—3—醇(其(qi)衍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兒(er)茶(cha)素(su)(su)(su)類(lei)(lei)(lei))和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)輕基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)黃烷—3，4—二(er)(er)醇(其(qi)衍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無色(se)花(hua)(hua)色(se)素(su)(su)(su)類(lei)(lei)(lei))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(三(san)(san)個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he))，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)被水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)酸(suan)(suan)、減(jian)(jian)或(huo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)脫水(shui)(shui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紅(hong)(hong)棕色(se)不(bu)镕(rong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紅(hong)(hong)”沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)，切開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘋果(guo)、李和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)茶(cha)水(shui)(shui)久置(zhi)后(hou)即(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“螺(luo)(luo)(luo)紅(hong)(hong)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。綠(lv)茶(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)實(shi)(shi)系單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)前(qian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，屬兒(er)茶(cha)素(su)(su)(su)及(ji)其(qi)衍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)茶(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)茶(cha)黃素(su)(su)(su)、茶(cha)紅(hong)(hong)素(su)(su)(su)及(ji)菜渴素(su)(su)(su)等(deng)(deng)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。低(di)(di)(di)聚(ju)(ju)縮(suo)臺單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)被微(wei)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液而(er)(er)(er)(er)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)聚(ju)(ju)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti))無法吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)，或(huo)排出(chu)(chu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)，或(huo)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)胃腸(chang)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，團與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)較強(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)保(bao)護(hu)胃壁(bi)免(mian)受(shou)酒精、鹽酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害。 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)含(han)(han)(han)(han)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)適(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏水(shui)(shui)締合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配亞(ya)胺(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)交聯(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)，代替與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)鎂(mei)連接，表(biao)(biao)現(xian)硫水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)，這是(shi)(shi)其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印收(shou)(shou)斂(lian)(lian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(枷(jia)。3刪(shan))成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正比(bi)(bi)，同(tong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)雖則水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)收(shou)(shou)斂(lian)(lian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)。水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)斂(lian)(lian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)疏水(shui)(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)直接相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)，縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)則與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)程(cheng)度(du)(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氨基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)越大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)．疏水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)越強(qiang)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)越好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)等(deng)(deng)電點(dian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)越多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)镕(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(如(ru)(ru)唾液蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai))結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)，使唾液失去潤滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，舌上(shang)(shang)皮組織(zhi)(zhi)收(shou)(shou)縮(suo)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)干燥(zao)感(gan)覺，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)澀味；與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)镕(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(如(ru)(ru)纖維(wei)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai))結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 2 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)其(qi)研(yan)究(jiu)櫻(ying)況 事物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)往往有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雙重(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)何合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它(ta)、改造它(ta)以(yi)避免(mian)負(fu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)。 2．1 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)利(li)影(ying)響(xiang) 食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)會產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一些(xie)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 2．1．1 降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值：單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膳(shan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)易消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)并(bing)(bing)(bing)非直接抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)雞如(ru)(ru)長(chang)期(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)宮含(han)(han)(han)(han)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼料會降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)飼料利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)死(si)亡率(lv)(lv)(lv)c2．1．2 影(ying)響(xiang)鐵鈣等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)：單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)鐵鈣復合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)其(qi)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)。Vc可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)還原(yuan)(yuan)三(san)(san)價(jia)(jia)(jia)鐵為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)價(jia)(jia)(jia)鐵，而(er)(er)(er)(er)二(er)(er)價(jia)(jia)(jia)鐵在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)pH下(xia)溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較高(gao)(gao)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)親和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)力(li)較低(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing). 2．1．3 影(ying)響(xiang)VA、Vb12的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 就(jiu)日常膳(shan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(包括(kuo)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)谷(gu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi)(mi)等(deng)(deng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu))來說(shuo)(shuo)，雖含(han)(han)(han)(han)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)但(dan)不(bu)會引(yin)起營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)問題。亞(ya)非半干燥(zao)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)則會因常食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)粱、小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)及(ji)豆(dou)(dou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)高(gao)(gao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)引(yin)起營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹬(deng)乏。 2．2單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)內(nei)服(fu)(fu)治(zhi)胃腸(chang)道(dao)出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)止(zhi)痢，外(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)局(ju)部止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)創面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)保(bao)護(hu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)防(fang)感(gan)染(ran)發(fa)(fa)(fa)炎(yan)。近年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明，除(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)療傷(shang)以(yi)外(wai)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)揭(jie)開(kai)了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一頁。 2．2.1 抑(yi)茵(yin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)病(bing)毒(du)(du)(du) 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)能(neng)(neng)(neng)凝固微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酶(mei)，故(gu)(gu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)如(ru)(ru)霍(huo)亂菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)腸(chang)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、金黃色(se)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。口(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)泌糖(tang)(tang)苦(ku)轉移酶(mei)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)蔗糖(tang)(tang)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)涪葡(pu)(pu)(pu)聚(ju)(ju)糖(tang)(tang)，細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)粘(zhan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)牙(ya)齒(chi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)齒(chi)垢及(ji)導致蛀牙(ya)，茶(cha)葉(xie)、擯榔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)阻止(zhi)鏈球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)牙(ya)齒(chi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糖(tang)(tang)苦(ku)轉移酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)糖(tang)(tang)苦(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)齲(qu)齒(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。日本已有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防(fang)齲(qu)糖(tang)(tang)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)料和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)臭劑(ji)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)病(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)抑(yi)茵(yin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)似，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“清(qing)熱(re)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)毒(du)(du)(du)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)效(xiao)，螺(luo)(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)病(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)員顯(xian)著，倍(bei)(bei)(bei)酰基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)度(du)(du)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酣(han)類(lei)(lei)(lei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)界中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唯一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)殺手。目(mu)前(qian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)AD5病(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)HIV的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)令人(ren)(ren)關(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)。 2．2．1 抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min) 食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)某些(xie)未消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(源于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))對(dui)(dui)(dui)特(te)殊人(ren)(ren)群來說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)原(yuan)(yuan)，其(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)因過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特(te)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)I由(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)放(fang)出(chu)(chu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)引(yin)起過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)。已知抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)因子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)不(bu)飽和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)、水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纖維(wei)、果(guo)膠(jiao)、殼聚(ju)(ju)糖(tang)(tang)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)組胺(an)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)出(chu)(chu)。茶(cha)葉(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)E12CG、EGC、ECG、EC、咖啡酸(suan)(suan)等(deng)(deng)都能(neng)(neng)(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)EGCG活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最強(qiang)。甜(tian)茶(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)當出(chu)(chu)色(se)，臨床試驗表(biao)(biao)明對(dui)(dui)(dui)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)患(huan)者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)著療效(xiao)，經分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析確證其(qi)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)GOD型(xing)織(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(e1—鈞扣mZH polyMr)具(ju)(ju)(ju)非常強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)敏(min)(min)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)度(du)(du)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正比(bi)(bi). 2．2．3 抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)延緩衰(shuai)老(lao) 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酣(han)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)鄰位酣(han)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)易氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酶(mei)、空氣、水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)及(ji)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)條(tiao)件下(xia)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快，低(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)(評(ping))和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan)(suan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天然(ran)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)已大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)保(bao)存，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)強(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)毒(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)遠(yuan)較前(qian)二(er)(er)者(zhe)強(qiang)。其(qi)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)：一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還原(yuan)(yuan)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)，另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氫(qing)供體(ti)(ti)(ti)放(fang)氫(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，終(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連鎖反應(ying)(ying)(ying)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)阻止(zhi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼續。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)vc、vE有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)協同(tong)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，一殷(yin)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)整合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)鈍(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)促氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)是(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)vc、VE之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)互相(xiang)(xiang)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)損傷(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，影(ying)響(xiang)腦膜(mo)流動，破壞(huai)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)象，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)誘發(fa)(fa)(fa)組織(zhi)(zhi)器官老(lao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)．促進(jin)(jin)(jin)衰(shuai)老(lao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)導致多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾病(bing)。研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)超氧(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(0L·、Hq‘)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(，0U、硝氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(Nq‘)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)線態氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(‘Oh)、奧氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(ob)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)(H202)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(Roo·、R，)等(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)廣譜清(qing)除(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)L11]，比(bi)(bi)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)Vc、VE強(qiang)c Nda 5a1小(xiao)等(deng)(deng)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)旋共(gong)振(zhen)法腮(sai)R測定荼多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)酣(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)脂(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)殘基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，表(biao)(biao)明ECG，EGCG，ECC，沒(mei)(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan)(suan)，表(biao)(biao)兒(er)茶(cha)素(su)(su)(su)，兒(er)茶(cha)素(su)(su)(su)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)程(cheng)度(du)(du)越大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，酣(han)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)個數(shu)(shu)越多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)越強(qiang)。0Lu此(ci)等(deng)(deng)L L2J用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)AOP／Vc或(huo)AOP／NADPH誘導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)線粒體(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肋(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)標，研(yan)究(jiu)了(le)(le)x種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)及(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)5m伊JIll可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)顯(xian)著抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肋(lei)上(shang)(shang)升，而(er)(er)(er)(er)IDb9小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)VE，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)強(qiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)縮(suo)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)型(xing)，活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)決于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酣(han)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)目(mu)。此(ci)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)驗證實(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)超氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鼓化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)酶(mei)刪(shan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)激活(huo)(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，系對(dui)(dui)(dui)酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)型(xing)改變所(suo)致，眾(zhong)所(suo)周知，枷(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)極強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。桑棺、肉佳、杜仲等(deng)(deng)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)肝臟(zang)線粒體(ti)(ti)(ti)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肝脂(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)(er)保(bao)護(hu)肝腎。應(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一定毒(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)W照射(she)所(suo)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皮膚(fu)紅(hong)(hong)斑等(deng)(deng)傷(shang)害，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)皮膚(fu)彈性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)平滑(hua)度(du)(du). 2．2．4 預防(fang)心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing) 心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)因素(su)(su)(su)是(shi)(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)脂(zhi)(zhi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液流變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)降(jiang)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)異常．含(han)(han)(han)(han)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)改善作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“活(huo)(huo)(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)竊”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)。如(ru)(ru)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄籽可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)顯(xian)著降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)高(gao)(gao)膽固醇飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)清(qing)MLc單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)外(wai)或(huo)組織(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CB2‘絡合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)拮(jie)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)鈣誘導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平滑(hua)肌和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)心(xin)(xin)肌收(shou)(shou)縮(suo)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)L14j。擯榔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)對(dui)(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)口(kou)服(fu)(fu)靜(jing)注(zhu)(zhu)均可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)，但(dan)并(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)正常大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鼠(shu)(shu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)L15J。柿(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)黃單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)無降(jiang)壓(ya)功(gong)效(xiao)，但(dan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)導致腦出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、腦梗死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 2．2、5 抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)免(mian)疫 有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)具(ju)(ju)(ju)致癌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)(ru)擯榔(含(han)(han)(han)(han)11％—26％單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning))與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)東地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)嗜食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)癌、食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)癌高(gao)(gao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)率(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)勒比(bi)(bi)海地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)居(ju)民(min)常喝青草茶(cha)井以(yi)高(gao)(gao)粱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)癌發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)，但(dan)更多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)調查則支持(chi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)具(ju)(ju)(ju)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。事實(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)除(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)黃曲霉毒(du)(du)(du)素(su)(su)(su)以(yi)外(wai)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致癌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)真正引(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)癌癥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾率(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)非常低(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Lni。長(chang)期(qi)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠(lv)茶(cha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)果(guo)蔬(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)癌癥和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，這便與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腹腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)及(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)注(zhu)(zhu)射(she)肉瘤(liu)(liu)—180細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)培養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)水(shui)(shui)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)聯(lian)花(hua)(hua)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)延長(chang)其(qi)壽命。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突變和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展階段，對(dui)(dui)(dui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)誘變劑(ji)〔紫外(wai)光、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng))具(ju)(ju)(ju)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)重(zhong)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損傷(shang)修復。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)、倍(bei)(bei)(bei)酰基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)經基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立體(ti)(ti)(ti)構(gou)(gou)象是(shi)(shi)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必需因素(su)(su)(su)。MIyMbL％i分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析了(le)(le)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間關(guan)系，發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)含(han)(han)(han)(han)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)酰基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)具(ju)(ju)(ju)最強(qiang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。推測單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)受(shou)體(ti)(ti)(ti)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)腫(zhong)(zhong)瘤(liu)(liu)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫力(li)來實(shi)(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 3 小(xiao)結(jie)(jie) 越來越多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)明單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工、醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)領域有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。就(jiu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)行業來說(shuo)(shuo)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)因對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，值得進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工業上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)保(bao)健食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)、風(feng)味食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)、風(feng)味劑(ji)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)調節安排，如(ru)(ru)少(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、適(shi)量(liang)(liang)飲茶(cha)，餐后(hou)不(bu)飲濃(nong)茶(cha)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)類(lei)(lei)(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)餐時間隔開(kai)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。只要(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，定能(neng)(neng)(neng)讓大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賜(si)予為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)更好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)服(fu)(fu)務。 單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning) 【別名】 鞣(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)酸(suan)(suan) ,鞣(rou)酸(suan)(suan) 【外(wai)文(wen)名】Tannic Acid 【適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)癥】 本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)淀(dian)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)收(shou)(shou)斂(lian)(lian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)使皮膚(fu)變硬，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)保(bao)護(hu)黏膜(mo)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)泌及(ji)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)；能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)局(ju)部疼痛，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)受(shou)傷(shang)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿滲出(chu)(chu)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)防(fang)止(zhi)細(xi)(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)感(gan)染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)褥瘡，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)濕疹(zhen)、痔瘡及(ji)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)尿布疹(zhen)等(deng)(deng)。 【用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法】 外(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：局(ju)部涂搽，每日2－3次(ci)。 【不(bu)良反應(ying)(ying)(ying)】 本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)由(you)(you)創面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)肝臟(zang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，嚴重(zhong)時造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肝壞(huai)死(si)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)深創面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，延緩愈合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)宜大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積或(huo)長(chang)期(qi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 【藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)】 本品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)金屬及(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)配伍(wu)禁忌，故(gu)(gu)忌與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵器接觸(chu)。 【規格】 軟膏劑(ji) 10%, 20%.
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以組織工程（tissue engineering）為基礎的再生醫學（regenerative medicine）發展情況及應用前景如何？
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@袁霖
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首先，還是先講一下兩個重要的概念：組織工程(Tissue Engineering) 和 再生醫學(Regenerative Medicine)
組織工程 （Tissue Engineering）是一個多學科交叉的研究領域，它充分應用工程科學，生物科學，基礎醫學的原理，開發制造出具有生物活性的組織或器官替代物，用于保持，替代，修復，甚至于加強病變組織器官的功能。這個概念是由 Robert Langer (麻省理工學院)和 Joseph Vacanti （麻省總醫院）于八十年代末，九十年代初提出，并在 Science上發表研究論文闡述這個概念和基本原理。
再生醫學（Regenerative Medicine）是一個更廣的定義，它包括組織工程（Tissue Engineering），但同時還包括 身體組織系統的自身修復 （Self-healing）. 組織工程（Tissue Engineering）和 再生醫學 （Regenerative Medicine）目前被大范圍的混用，主要是因為目前來看組織工程的最終目標就是替代或加強組織的自身修復，用以治愈復雜的慢性疾病。
（Tissue engineered human ear, credit: Harvard University）
經過二十多年的發展，組織工程無論在基礎研究，臨床應用，和市場轉化方面都取得了非常大的發展，其研究成果已經在很大程度上改變了臨床治療思路，使大量病人受益。雖然是一個相對來說比較新的學科，但是自誕生以來就一直吸引了大量的關注度。各國 （美國，日本，新加坡，中國，等等）都在投入高額的研究資金來推動這個學科的發展，與此同時，大量相關的研究人員 （臨床醫生，工程師，生物學家，化學家，材料學家，等等）都被吸引到這個充滿潛力的領域，用他們在各自領域更專業的知識和技能來不斷推動組織工程學科的發展。
值得指出的是，中國在近年來，在組織工程領域投入的前所未有的人力和財力，1999-2009 這十年間，中國政府投入了過5億RMB 在組織工程的研究和臨床應用上。Science雜志在2012年就曾發表評論 “China's Push in Tissue Engineering”對中國在這方面的發展做了報道，還報導了中國在此領域的先驅人物：南通大學顧曉松 （神經系統），上海交大曹誼林（骨骼系統），清華大學崔福齋（腦組織）。
對于再生醫學來說，目前組織工程主要在以下幾個方向不斷取得發展和突破：
1. 細胞來源
再生目標組織或器官，通常需要使用相應的細胞，比如心肌細胞 （心臟），上皮細胞（皮膚），骨骼肌細胞（肌肉），等等。然而，很多細胞脫離了自體的原生環境，并不能在體外長期保持其功能和活性，比如肝臟細胞的體外培養一直是一個難題。所以新的細胞來源的取得就顯得異常重要。多能干細胞 （Pluripotent Stem Cells）的使用可以很大程度解決這個問題。胚胎干細胞 （Embryonic Stem Cells）, 誘導多能干細胞 （iPS cells）都是目前研究的熱點，尤其是 iPS 細胞，因其獨特的功能和不會造成倫理問題，已經成為全世界研究人員的寵兒，不斷開發其新的應用，用于特定組織和器官的定向分化。與此同時，比多能干細胞更有特異性的組織干細胞，比如骨髓間充質細胞 （Bone marrow stromal cells），脂肪干細胞 （Adipose-derived stem cells）, 臍帶血干細胞 （Umbilical cord blood stem cells）等等，也被研究人員用于不同組織的再生。更特異性的細胞比如軟骨祖細胞 （chondrogenic progenitor cells），心肌干細胞 （cardiac progenitor cells）也已被成功分離，并用于相應組織的再生。
(iPS cells forming a colony, credit: Flickr)
2. 新型生物材料
成功地組織工程，一定離不開生物材料學科的發展。再生具有不同特性的生物組織，材料的選擇至關重要。組織工程發展初期，材料通常被用做支架用以支持細胞的貼附和生長。目前新材料的開發主要側重于材料的生物學特性，新的材料不但要能作為支架，還要能與細胞相互作用，誘導細胞遷移，擴增，定向分化。同時新材料還被賦予了調節細胞生長的微環境的功能，比如釋放生長因子，傳遞信號因子，抑制炎癥，等等。更有能自組裝 （self-assembly）的新型生物材料，能在外部刺激的情況下，實現在特定時間，特定微環境中自我組裝成目標組織或器官的形態。雖然這些研究還在早期的探索階段，但可以預見未來會出現激動人心的突破成果。
( Biomimetic liver tissue engineered from novel biomaterials, credit: NIH)
3. 信號因子
對于體外細胞培養來說，缺乏了體內的原生環境和相關的信號因子，很難成功地有效率的分化為目標組織器官。經過多年的研究，部分組織定向分化所需的生長因子已經逐漸被確定。傳統的組織工程方法通常直接應用已確定的生長因子組合，用于培養細胞或者裝載了細胞的支架材料。然而，生長因子分離純化耗時耗力耗錢，所以并不是長期使用的最佳選擇。目前這個領域的發展主要側重于化學小分子，基因，物理刺激，等等。通過化學小分子的作用，可以激活與生長因子作用相當的生物信號通路，因而誘導細胞分化。基因的轉導，使細胞本身能在不需要外界刺激的情況下實現分化，以及功能的獲取。對于不同目標組織分化過程中的物理刺激，比如失重，加壓，支架材料的表面結構，等等也可以促進細胞的分化。結合新型生物材料，將不同信號因子和材料合并，也是一個研究的熱點，所謂的 “Smart Material”。比如，具有藥物緩釋功能的支架，加載的質粒DNA的水溶膠，等等。
(Recellularization of decellularized rat kidney, credit: Harvard Medical School)
4. 生物制造方法
生物制造 (Biofabrication)是一個相對較新的名詞，顧名思義就是利用構成生物體的基本元素 （細胞，生長因子，生物材料，等等），制造出具有功能的生物組織或器官，或者用于研究的生物系統，這里主要談一下前者。最傳統的組織工程制造方法就是將細胞裝載到3D支架，并在具有生長因子的環境中培養。經過多年的發展，大量針對于不同組織的制造方法被開發出來。舉例來說，去細胞器官 （Decellularization）的重新細胞化 （Recellularization）已經在實驗中用于肝臟，腎臟，心臟，等的組織工程；細胞膜片 （Cell sheet）的3D組裝也已經被成功應用于軟骨，血管，皮膚等組織，并已經有臨床產品用于病人； 微組織 (micro-tissue) 作為基本結構單元，也被成功用于血管，肝臟組織，肌肉組織等的再生。目前很熱門的3D生物打印技術的出現，給組織工程和再生醫學帶來了又一輪新的革命。由于其精確地控制能力和個性化特點，使得定制人體組織器官成為可能。雖然3D生物打印處于初期研究階段，有很多困難要克服 （請參見:
3D生物打印的主要難點是什么
），但是隨著技術的成熟和組織工程自生的發展，成功3D生物打印出人體器官并不是幻想。
(3D bioprinting for tissue engineering, credit: Wake Forest University)
組織工程 （Tissue Engineering）一直在不斷發展和進步，雖然大量的研究成果還僅限于實驗室階段，但已經有很多技術進入了臨床轉化，甚至于市場化。不僅僅在其醫學領域的應用，利用再生出的組織進行藥物測試和毒物測試也被認為是未來5-10年的一項研究熱點，這也將給生物醫藥產業帶來革命性的突破。
(Human-on-a-chip drug testing model, Credit: Wyss Institute, Harvard University)
參考：
1.
China's Push in Tissue Engineering
2.
The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication
3.
Langer Lab: Professor Robert Langer
4.
//www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine
5.
//www.popsci.com/tags/tissue-engineering
（推薦閱讀）
6.
//www.sciencedaily.com/terms/tissue_engineering.htm
（推薦閱讀）
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