骨關(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎發病(bing)隱匿而逐(zhu)漸加重，常(chang)常(chang)累及一(yi)個或幾個關(guan)節(jie)(jie)。疼(teng)痛(tong)為最早期癥狀，通常(chang)活動后(hou)加重，休息后(hou)減(jian)輕，晨起(qi)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)僵硬不便活動，持(chi)續不超(chao)過15~30分鐘，隨(sui)著鍛煉而改善。當病(bing)情繼續發展(zhan)時(shi)，關(guan)節(jie)(jie)活動減(jian)弱，發生(sheng)屈曲(qu)攣縮，有壓(ya)痛(tong)及關(guan)節(jie)(jie)咿軋音或摩擦感。由于軟骨，骨，韌(ren)帶，肌腱，關(guan)節(jie)(jie)囊的增生(sheng)，引起(qi)OA特征性(xing)的關(guan)節(jie)(jie)腫大。急性(xing)和重度滑膜炎少見，但伴(ban)有其他(ta)疾病(bing)時(shi)可發生(sheng)(如痛(tong)風(feng)或假(jia)性(xing)痛(tong)風(feng))。這些病(bing)變作為骨關(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎最初的發病(bing)機制。
頸椎，腰(yao)椎的骨(gu)關節炎可引(yin)起脊(ji)髓病和(he)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根病，但前(qian)者的臨床(chuang)體征一(yi)般較輕(qing)。在(zai)椎間(jian)(jian)盤水平前(qian)縱(zong)韌帶顯(xian)著增(zeng)(zeng)厚及(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)生形成(cheng)橫嵴，侵占脊(ji)髓前(qian)部；黃韌帶肥厚及(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)生常壓(ya)迫脊(ji)髓后(hou)部。神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根病不如(ru)脊(ji)髓病多見，因為前(qian)后(hou)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根，神(shen)經(jing)(jing)節和(he)脊(ji)總神(shen)經(jing)(jing)只占據25%椎間(jian)(jian)孔空間(jian)(jian)，椎間(jian)(jian)孔具有很好的緩沖作用，對神(shen)經(jing)(jing)有良好的保護功能。
脊椎(zhui)動脈的功(gong)能受損，脊髓梗塞(sai)和骨贅壓(ya)迫食管，有(you)時也可引起(qi)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)和體(ti)征。韌帶，關節囊，肌(ji)肉(rou)，肌(ji)腱，椎(zhui)間盤和骨膜(mo)均(jun)具有(you)痛(tong)敏感性，故也可引起(qi)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)和體(ti)征。軟骨下骨髓內靜脈壓(ya)升(sheng)高也是致(zhi)痛(tong)的原因。
髖骨(gu)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)的特征(zheng)是逐漸增(zeng)加的僵硬及(ji)活動范圍的喪失(shi)。疼痛(tong)(tong)感覺常定(ding)位于(yu)(yu)腹股溝或放射到膝(xi)(xi)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)。由于(yu)(yu)膝(xi)(xi)骨(gu)關(guan)節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)時(shi)(shi)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)丟失(shi)(70%病(bing)例出現(xian)于(yu)(yu)內側)，韌帶變得(de)松(song)弛，關(guan)節(jie)(jie)不穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)增(zeng)加，有明(ming)顯的局部(bu)韌帶疼痛(tong)(tong)和壓痛(tong)(tong)。晚期體征(zheng)為(wei)(wei)觸診(zhen)時(shi)(shi)有壓痛(tong)(tong)及(ji)被動活動時(shi)(shi)疼痛(tong)(tong)，肌肉痙攣與攣縮時(shi)(shi)會加重疼痛(tong)(tong)，骨(gu)贅(zhui)或游離體導致關(guan)節(jie)(jie)機械性(xing)阻滯(zhi)，畸(ji)形和不全脫位為(wei)(wei)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)體積(ji)縮小，軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)下骨(gu)萎陷，骨(gu)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)贅(zhui)，肌肉萎縮及(ji)假(jia)性(xing)囊腫等多種(zhong)病(bing)變造成的結果(guo)。
髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)骨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎臨床表現(xian)主(zhu)要癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)太靈活(huo)(huo)(huo)。體(ti)格(ge)檢查(cha)顯示關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)腫脹、有(you)(you)(you)液、肌肉(rou)萎(wei)縮(suo)；關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)被(bei)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)吱嘎(ga)聲，并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)程度(du)的(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)受限(xian)和(he)(he)肌痙攣。有(you)(you)(you)些老年人同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)伴有(you)(you)(you)遠側(ce)指間關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)增(zeng)粗。繼發(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)骨關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎的(de)原因(yin)有(you)(you)(you)：關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)常；創傷；關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)面的(de)后天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)整；關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)外畸(ji)形(xing)引起的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)對合不(bu)(bu)(bu)良；關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定;醫源性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)素，如長期(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)恰當地使用皮質激(ji)素等。 股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)壞(huai)死(si)的(de)主(zhu)要癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)表現(xian)在(zai)以下五點(dian)(dian)： ①疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)間歇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)持續(xu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，行(xing)(xing)走活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)后加重(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)休(xiu)息(xi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)針刺樣、鈍(dun)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)酸(suan)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適等，常向腹股(gu)(gu)溝區(qu)，大腿內(nei)(nei)(nei)側(ce)，臀(tun)后側(ce)和(he)(he)膝內(nei)(nei)(nei)側(ce)放射(she)，并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)該區(qu)麻(ma)木感。 ②關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)僵硬(ying)與活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)受限(xian)。患(huan)髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)屈伸(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利、下蹲困難、不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)久站、行(xing)(xing)走鴨子步。早期(qi)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外展、外旋(xuan)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)受限(xian)明顯。 ③跛(bo)行(xing)(xing)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)進行(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)短縮(suo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跛(bo)行(xing)(xing)，由于髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)塌(ta)(ta)陷，或(huo)晚期(qi)出現(xian)髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)半脫(tuo)位(wei)(wei)所(suo)致(zhi)。早期(qi)往往出現(xian)間歇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跛(bo)行(xing)(xing)，兒童患(huan)者(zhe)則更為(wei)(wei)(wei)明顯。 ④體(ti)征(zheng)。局部(bu)深(shen)壓(ya)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)收肌止點(dian)(dian)壓(ya)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，4字試驗陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，伽咖s征(zheng)陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，Allis征(zheng)陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)試驗陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。外展、外旋(xuan)或(huo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)旋(xuan)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)受限(xian)，患(huan)肢可縮(suo)短，肌肉(rou)萎(wei)縮(suo)，甚至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)半脫(tuo)位(wei)(wei)體(ti)征(zheng)。有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)軸沖(chong)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ⑤X線表現(xian)。骨紋理細小(xiao)或(huo)中斷，股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)囊腫、硬(ying)化(hua)、扁平(ping)或(huo)塌(ta)(ta)陷。 股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)壞(huai)死(si)早期(qi)和(he)(he)晚期(qi)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)表現(xian) 股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)壞(huai)死(si)最先(xian)出現(xian)的(de)自覺癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)周圍、大腿內(nei)(nei)(nei)側(ce)、前(qian)側(ce)或(huo)膝部(bu)。早期(qi) 疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)開始(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)隱痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、鈍(dun)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、間歇痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)多(duo)了(le)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加重(zhong)，休(xiu)息(xi)可以緩解(jie)或(huo)減輕(qing)。但也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)呈持續(xu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)勞累(lei)還是(shi)休(xiu)息(xi)，甚至(zhi)(zhi)躺在(zai)床上(shang)也(ye)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。而(er)且，疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)逐漸(jian)加重(zhong)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)X線上(shang)雖然沒有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)形(xing)態異(yi)(yi)常改變，但是(shi)髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)程度(du)的(de)功能(neng)受限(xian)。比(bi)如病人患(huan)側(ce)髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)外展、旋(xuan)轉受限(xian)，下蹲不(bu)(bu)(bu)到位(wei)(wei)等等。到了(le)晚期(qi)，股(gu)(gu)骨頭(tou)塌(ta)(ta)陷、碎(sui)裂(lie)、變形(xing)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)可造(zao)成髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)半脫(tuo)位(wei)(wei)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與髖(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)、負(fu)重(zhong)有(you)(you)(you) 直接關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系。活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)內(nei)(nei)(nei)因(yin)骨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摩擦而(er)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，靜(jing)止時(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)臼之間不(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)生摩擦，疼(teng)(teng)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明顯了(le)。所(suo)以說(shuo)，行(xing)(xing)走、活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加重(zhong)，動(dong)(dong)則即痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，靜(jing)則痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)止或(huo)減輕(qing)。 總之，早期(qi)是(shi)以疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，伴有(you)(you)(you)功能(neng)受限(xian)；晚期(qi)以功能(neng)障礙為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，伴有(you)(you)(you)疼(teng)(teng)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。
1，早期(qi)(qi)建議服(fu)(fu)用舒筋(jin)活血(xue)片,芬必(bi)得膠(jiao)囊(nang),正(zheng)清風(feng)(feng)(feng)痛寧片,或者(zhe)口服(fu)(fu)鹽酸氨(an)基(ji)葡(pu)萄糖膠(jiao)囊(nang)治(zhi)療(liao)。同時(shi)局(ju)(ju)部(bu)外敷傷濕(shi)(shi)止痛膏試試。2，關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)腔注(zhu)射玻璃酸鈉針（營養潤(run)滑關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)腔）效果(guo)是(shi)不錯的(de)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)療(liao)程注(zhu)射，有積(ji)液(ye)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)先(xian)抽(chou)液(ye)行膝(xi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)灌洗再(zai)藥物封(feng)閉。 銀屑骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)答(da)者(zhe)：呂丁鎖你的(de)情況(kuang)考慮為陰血(xue)不足，外受風(feng)(feng)(feng)邪(xie)，經(jing)(jing)絡不暢，建議服(fu)(fu)用中(zhong)(zhong)藥治(zhi)療(liao)。 溫針灸(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)療(liao)膝(xi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)回(hui)(hui)答(da)者(zhe)：佩佳(jia)溫針灸(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)療(liao)有溫經(jing)(jing)通絡，活血(xue)行氣的(de)作用 骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可(ke)否(fou)用大(da)量青霉素(su)回(hui)(hui)答(da)者(zhe)：劉(liu)興志你好，這(zhe)種情況(kuang)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)做一個血(xue)常(chang)規，血(xue)沉和(he)(he)(he)類(lei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)濕(shi)(shi)因子(zi)檢查(cha)，確定病(bing)因后在應用抗生(sheng)素(su)治(zhi)療(liao)。 請問 醫(yi)生(sheng)，我(wo)如果(guo)是(shi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，身上(shang)很多處，那(nei)是(shi)去 骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)科好還是(shi) 內科－風(feng)(feng)(feng)濕(shi)(shi)科好 ？回(hui)(hui)答(da)者(zhe)：陳大(da)華按(an)1986年(nian)(nian)美國風(feng)(feng)(feng)濕(shi)(shi)病(bing)學(xue)會擬定之定義，骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為符合下列特(te)征的(de)一組疾病(bing)：（1）關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)完整性破壞(huai)；（2）軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板的(de)病(bing)變(bian)；（3）關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)邊緣(yuan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)質增生(sheng)；④有癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)體(ti)征。 骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，是(shi)最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人好發的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)疾病(bing)。骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)由關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)退變(bian)、磨損(sun)引(yin)起的(de)疾病(bing)，其(qi)基(ji)本病(bing)理改(gai)變(bian)是(shi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)退變(bian)、軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)硬化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)贅(骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)刺)形(xing)成等(deng)。 骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可(ke)以引(yin)起關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)疼(teng)痛、腫脹、畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)等(deng)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)，傳統的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)方法多為服(fu)(fu)用抗炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)止痛藥，局(ju)(ju)部(bu)敷藥、針灸(jiu)(jiu)、理療(liao)等(deng)，這(zhe)些療(liao)法僅對(dui)部(bu)分病(bing)人有效，對(dui)較嚴重的(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)療(liao)效不明顯，或療(liao)效持(chi)續時(shi)間較短(duan)。 早期(qi)(qi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，以保守(shou)治(zhi)療(liao)為主，應按(an)醫(yi)生(sheng)囑(zhu)咐定期(qi)(qi)按(an)時(shi)服(fu)(fu)藥、股四頭肌功能訓練(lian)和(he)(he)(he)接受其(qi)它治(zhi)療(liao)。(應該(gai)到風(feng)(feng)(feng)濕(shi)(shi)專科就診) 晚期(qi)(qi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，已產(chan)生(sheng)明顯的(de)畸(ji)(ji)形(xing)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)間隙(xi)狹(xia)窄或接近消失，癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)持(chi)續不減，那(nei)么(me)(me)應采(cai)取關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)置(zhi)換手(shou)術。(骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)科) 中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)有腫脹，經(jing)(jing)常(chang)出現(xian)疼(teng)痛，有絞鎖癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)，一定程度上(shang)影響生(sheng)活，那(nei)么(me)(me)關(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鏡治(zhi)療(liao)是(shi)最(zui)好的(de)選擇。
骨(gu)關節炎(yan)又稱為骨(gu)性關節炎(yan)，主(zhu)要(yao)表現為關節表面受到(dao)損傷（急性或逐漸磨損），周圍組織發炎(yan)，關節軟骨(gu)惡化。
隨(sui)著軟(ruan)骨表面的(de)磨損和變薄(bo)，癥狀逐漸發展。最終，在關(guan)節炎的(de)末期(qi)，關(guan)節軟(ruan)骨完全磨損，并且發生骨骼接(jie)觸(chu)骨骼。絕大多數(shu)被診斷患有骨關(guan)節炎的(de)患者，在大多數(shu)情(qing)況(kuang)下無法確定(ding)其病(bing)因(yin)。
對于骨性關節炎的患(huan)者來說，保守治(zhi)療(liao)主要依靠(kao)家庭療(liao)法(fa)，自然療(liao)法(fa)和生活(huo)方式改變相結合。藥物可以治(zhi)療(liao)疼痛，但長期服用(yong)可能(neng)會有(you)副作用(yong)。
家(jia)庭療法，自然療法和生活方式改(gai)變可(ke)幫(bang)助(zhu)控制骨(gu)性關節(jie)炎(yan)的(de)疼(teng)痛且副(fu)作用更少。某些(xie)方法甚(shen)至(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)防止骨(gu)性關節(jie)炎(yan)的(de)惡(e)化。
家庭療法
包括：冷(leng)熱敷，溫水鹽浴，外用消炎止痛貼膏，借用輔(fu)助設備(bei)（如拐杖、緩沖鞋墊）等；
自然療法
包(bao)括：適(shi)當飲用綠茶(cha)（綠茶(cha)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)多酚，這些化合(he)物(wu)可以幫(bang)助減輕(qing)炎(yan)癥），生姜(jiang)水（生姜(jiang)中(zhong)的姜(jiang)黃素是一種活性化合(he)物(wu)，具有(you)抗炎(yan)的作用，它還可能有(you)助于減輕(qing)骨性關(guan)節(jie)炎(yan)發作期間的疼痛和僵硬）等；
生活方式的改變
為了(le)獲得更長遠的(de)(de)骨性關(guan)(guan)節(jie)炎癥狀的(de)(de)緩解，改(gai)變生活(huo)方(fang)式通常是(shi)有(you)效的(de)(de)。定期運動，健康(kang)飲食和(he)保持(chi)健康(kang)體重(zhong)可(ke)以幫助改(gai)善關(guan)(guan)節(jie)健康(kang)和(he)功能。
骨關節炎患者骨刺很常見。骨關節炎是一種退行(xing)性疾(ji)病(bing)，其中關節軟骨開始(shi)磨(mo)損(sun)，導致(zhi)骨骼與(yu)骨骼摩擦。最終身體可能會開始(shi)產生新的骨頭來(lai)防(fang)止這種磨(mo)損(sun)的情況，久而久之(zhi)就會形(xing)成骨刺。
骨刺的癥狀是什么？
有些人有骨刺(ci)(ci)，甚至(zhi)都不知道。當骨刺(ci)(ci)侵犯到(dao)附近的神經(jing)以及(ji)摩擦其他骨骼(ge)或(huo)組織時開始產生(sheng)癥狀，患者會感覺運動(dong)時疼(teng)痛，尤(you)其是經(jing)常運動(dong)的關節(jie)(jie)周圍，如膝關節(jie)(jie)，手指或(huo)腳趾關節(jie)(jie)。當骨刺(ci)(ci)長在椎體附近甚至(zhi)會出現(xian)肢(zhi)體的麻木和無力。
如何診斷骨刺？
如果沒有癥狀，您(nin)可(ke)能會在(zai)X射線或其他檢(jian)查條(tiao)件下意外發現(xian)骨刺。
如果出現(xian)了(le)疼(teng)痛，僵硬和(he)行動(dong)(dong)不便，通(tong)過查(cha)體以(yi)及測試關節(jie)(jie)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)范圍和(he)強度。也可以(yi)通(tong)過相應的(de)影像學(xue)檢查(cha)包括(kuo)X射線，CT掃(sao)描或MRI，來發現(xian)骨性(xing)關節(jie)(jie)炎(yan)、骨刺(ci)甚(shen)至可以(yi)識別(bie)韌帶或肌腱(jian)受損情況。
骨刺如何治療？
治療骨刺的(de)目的(de)是最大程度地減(jian)少疼痛并防(fang)止任何其他(ta)關節損(sun)傷(shang)。治療方法可能(neng)包(bao)括減(jian)肥（減(jian)輕(qing)關節和(he)骨骼(ge)壓力），伸展運(yun)動(dong)（伸展運(yun)動(dong)可以(yi)減(jian)輕(qing)疼痛，改(gai)善運(yun)動(dong)范圍(wei)，并增強關節周圍(wei)的(de)肌(ji)肉），物理療法，穿緩(huan)沖鞋(xie)墊，臥床休(xiu)息和(he)冰敷(fu)（減(jian)輕(qing)腫脹）。
類(lei)固(gu)醇類(lei)試劑注射可以減(jian)輕炎癥(zheng)，并能夠(gou)長時(shi)間(jian)緩(huan)解(jie)癥(zheng)狀。也可以服用非(fei)處方(fang)止痛(tong)藥，如對乙酰氨基酚或NSAIDS，如布洛芬。如果非(fei)處方(fang)止痛(tong)藥不(bu)能緩(huan)解(jie)疼痛(tong)，則可以去正(zheng)規醫院找專科醫師開具更強效的止痛(tong)藥，如曲馬多，甚(shen)至是(shi)阿(a)片類(lei)藥物。
如果經過(guo)一年的(de)治療，癥狀仍然持(chi)續存在，甚至出現了嚴重(zhong)損壞和(he)畸形(xing)的(de)情況(kuang)下，則可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)手術去除骨刺。
如何減少骨刺的風險？
目(mu)前沒有哪種藥物可以讓長出來的(de)骨刺長回去。除(chu)非您進行手術(shu)將(jiang)其去除(chu)，否則骨刺不會消失。
盡管骨刺(ci)通常(chang)在手(shou)術后不會(hui)復發，但在您(nin)身體(ti)的其(qi)他部位可能會(hui)長出更(geng)多骨刺(ci)。但是您(nin)可以(yi)通過遵循(xun)健(jian)康(kang)的生活方式來預防(fang)骨刺(ci)的發生和進展，比如保(bao)持(chi)身心健(jian)康(kang)，飲食要均衡、營(ying)養，保(bao)持(chi)健(jian)康(kang)的體(ti)重（以(yi)減輕骨骼和關節(jie)的額外壓力），保(bao)持(chi)良好的姿勢(shi)，通過拉伸和使(shi)用安(an)全(quan)的運動(dong)技巧來防(fang)止關節(jie)受傷，不要過度使(shi)用關節(jie)，穿合適的緩(huan)沖鞋(xie)墊(dian)等。
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