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風水知識大全,風水之理氣

大(da)道家(jia)園 2024-05-20 16:51:12

一命二運三風水,風水有三才(cai)理(li)氣與巒(luan)頭之(zhi)分(fen),三才(cai)者(zhe)「天(tian)、地(di)、人(ren)(ren)」天(tian)之(zhi)道(dao)主陰與陽,地(di)之(zhi)道(dao)主柔與剛,人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)道(dao)主仁(ren)與義(yi)。你了(le)解風水知識多(duo)少呢?不妨隨(sui)大師一起了(le)解下吧。

風水知識大全風水知識大全


風水之理氣

風水有(you)三才理氣與(yu)(yu)巒頭之(zhi)分(fen),三才者「天(tian)、地(di)、人」天(tian)之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)主陰與(yu)(yu)陽(yang),地(di)之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)主柔與(yu)(yu)剛(gang),人之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)主仁(ren)與(yu)(yu)義(yi)。天(tian)有(you)寒暑、風云、晝夜(ye);地(di)有(you)山(shan)川(chuan)、河岳;人有(you)五(wu)倫,各有(you)其義(yi)。在天(tian)成象,在地(di)成形,干道(dao)(dao)成男(nan),方以類聚(ju),物以群分(fen)。堪(kan)為(wei)天(tian)道(dao)(dao),觀天(tian)文,輿(yu)為(wei)地(di)理,察山(shan)川(chuan)河岳。

天道(dao)(dao)為(wei)理氣(qi)(qi),地道(dao)(dao)為(wei)巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou);風水(shui)師多(duo)以巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou)為(wei)體,理氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)用。因為(wei)凡看風水(shui),入門(men)(第一(yi)(yi)要(yao)緊(jin)看巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou),有了巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou)穴可求,若是(shi)巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou)不(bu)齊整(zheng),縱(zong)合大星(xing)也(ye)是(shi)浮)。理氣(qi)(qi)與巒(luan)(luan)(luan)頭(tou)二者不(bu)能廢(fei)一(yi)(yi)。風水(shui)之道(dao)(dao),得(de)山水(shui)為(wei)上,無山水(shui)為(wei)下也(ye)。

風水(shui)理(li)氣(qi),派別甚多,有(you)三元、三合(he)(he)、玄空、卜卦、挨(ai)星理(li)氣(qi)等,理(li)論(lun)繁雜(za),但(dan)有(you)合(he)(he)理(li)亦有(you)不合(he)(he)理(li)者(zhe),故(gu)有(you)(真巒頭、假理(li)氣(qi))之(zhi)別。

理氣者以三元九運(yun),陰陽(yang)五行,先后天八卦(gua)并(bing)用(yong),顛(dian)倒順逆兼施(shi)。陽(yang)宅挨星(xing),以受氣之元運(yun)為主,山向(xiang)飛星(xing),與客星(xing)之加(jia)臨為用(yong)。陽(yang)宅重(zhong)門(men)向(xiang),或開陽(yang)為屋向(xiang),門(men)向(xiang)所以納氣,如門(men)外有水(shui)則較路尤重(zhong),衰旺憑(ping)水(shui)權衡在(zai)星(xing)之理氣。

宇宙之道(dao),源于陰(yin)陽(yang),而陰(yin)陽(yang)備載(zai)于易經(jing),由(you)乾(qian)坤六(liu)(liu)子(zi)(zi),化生萬物 。(乾(qian)坤六(liu)(liu)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei):乾(qian)為(wei)(wei)父(fu)、坤為(wei)(wei)母、震長(chang)為(wei)(wei)男(nan)、巽(xun)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)女、坎次為(wei)(wei)男(nan)、離(li)次為(wei)(wei)女、艮幼為(wei)(wei)男(nan)、兌幼為(wei)(wei)女子(zi)(zi))

陰陽宅風水之氣

氣,在古代是一個很抽象的概念。唯物論者認為它是構成世界本原的元素,唯心論者認為它是客觀精神的派生物。先哲普遍認為,氣無處不存在,氣構成萬物,氣不斷運動變化。《老子》云:“萬(wan)物負陰(yin)而(er)抱陽,沖(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以為和(he)。”宋張載在(zai)《正(zheng)蒙?太和(he)》云:“太虛無形,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之本體,其聚其散(san),變化之客形爾(er)。” 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)風水(shui)(shui)術(shu)中是(shi)一個很(hen)普遍、很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)概念。有生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、死氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、土氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、地氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、乘氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、聚氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、納氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)脈、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母等(deng)等(deng)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)萬(wan)物之源,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)變化無窮,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)決定人(ren)的(de)禍福。人(ren)要(yao)避死氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、乘生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),就(jiu)得(de)請(qing)風水(shui)(shui)師“理氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。“理氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”是(shi)十(shi)分復雜的(de),要(yao)結合陰(yin)陽五行、實地考得(de)“旺(wang)象(xiang)”,才能(neng)得(de)到“生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,有了“生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”就(jiu)能(neng)富(fu)貴(gui)。因此,風水(shui)(shui)術(shu)實際是(shi)“相(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)術(shu)”。

風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)術以(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)萬(wan)物(wu)本(ben)源,《管氏地(di)(di)理指(zhi)蒙》卷一(yi)《有(you)無(wu)(wu)往(wang)來(lai)(lai)》云:“未見(jian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)太易(yi),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)始曰(yue)太初。……一(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)積(ji)而(er)兩(liang)儀(yi)分,一(yi)生三而(er)五(wu)行具(ju),吉兇悔(hui)(hui)吝有(you)機(ji)而(er)可(ke)(ke)(ke)測,盛衰消長有(you)度而(er)不渝(yu)。”這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo),世(shi)界是(shi)(shi)從無(wu)(wu)(未見(jian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi))到有(you)(氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)始),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)本(ben)源(一(yi)),它(ta)分化出(chu)陰陽(兩(liang)儀(yi)),又分出(chu)金木水(shui)(shui)火土五(wu)種物(wu)質(zhi)(五(wu)行),這(zhe)些(xie)物(wu)質(zhi)的盛衰消長都有(you)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)改(gai)變(bian)的規律(有(you)度而(er)不渝(yu)),并且有(you)了禍福(吉兇悔(hui)(hui)吝),這(zhe)些(xie)禍福都是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)預測的。這(zhe)段話,是(shi)(shi)對《周易(yi)》“太極說(shuo)”的發(fa)揮,有(you)樸素(su)的唯物(wu)辯證法色彩。風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)術認為(wei),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)窮變(bian)化的,它(ta)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)變(bian)成水(shui)(shui),也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)積(ji)淀為(wei)山川(chuan)。明代蔣平階在《水(shui)(shui)龍(long)(long)(long)經(jing)》論“氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)妙(miao)運”時說(shuo):“太始唯一(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),莫(mo)先于(yu)水(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)中積(ji)濁,遂成山川(chuan)。經(jing)云:氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)母。水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)子。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行則(ze)(ze)水(shui)(shui)隨,而(er)水(shui)(shui)止(zhi)則(ze)(ze)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)止(zhi),子母同(tong)情,水(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相逐也。夫溢于(yu)地(di)(di)外(wai)而(er)有(you)跡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)水(shui)(shui),行于(yu)地(di)(di)中而(er)無(wu)(wu)形者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。表(biao)里(li)同(tong)用(yong),此造化之(zhi)(zhi)妙(miao)用(yong),故(gu)察(cha)地(di)(di)中之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)趨(qu)東趨(qu)西,即其水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)去或(huo)(huo)來(lai)(lai)而(er)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。行龍(long)(long)(long)必(bi)水(shui)(shui)輔,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)止(zhi)必(bi)有(you)水(shui)(shui)界。輔行龍(long)(long)(long)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)水(shui)(shui),故(gu)察(cha)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)所來(lai)(lai)而(er)知(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)源之(zhi)(zhi)始;止(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦水(shui)(shui),故(gu)察(cha)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)所交而(er)知(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)融聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)處。”由(you)此可(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi),山脈和河流都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)統一(yi)于(yu) “氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”中,尋找生氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就是(shi)(shi)要觀察(cha)山川(chuan)的走向。


風(feng)(feng)水術還認(ren)為,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)決定人(ren)(ren)的(de)禍福(fu)。有土就有氣(qi)(qi)(qi),人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)得(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),人(ren)(ren)死(si)歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。郭璞《古本(ben)葬(zang)經(jing)(jing)》論述(shu)得(de)很詳細:“葬(zang)者(zhe)(zhe),乘生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)。夫(fu)陰(yin)陽(yang)之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),噫而(er)(er)為風(feng)(feng),升而(er)(er)為云,降而(er)(er)為雨(yu)。行乎(hu)(hu)地(di)中(zhong)而(er)(er)為生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),行乎(hu)(hu)地(di)中(zhong)發(fa)而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)乎(hu)(hu)萬物。人(ren)(ren)受(shou)體(ti)(ti)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)父母(mu),本(ben)骸得(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),遺體(ti)(ti)受(shou)蔭(yin)。蓋生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)聚(ju)凝,結者(zhe)(zhe)成(cheng)骨,死(si)而(er)(er)獨留、故葬(zang)者(zhe)(zhe),反氣(qi)(qi)(qi)內骨,以(yi)(yi)蔭(yin)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)。經(jing)(jing)云:氣(qi)(qi)(qi)感(gan)而(er)(er)應(ying)鬼(gui)福(fu)及(ji)人(ren)(ren),是以(yi)(yi)銅(tong)山西崩(beng),靈鐘東應(ying),木華于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)春,栗芽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)室。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)行乎(hu)(hu)地(di)中(zhong),其行也(ye),因(yin)地(di)之(zhi)勢;其聚(ju)也(ye),因(yin)勢之(zhi)止。丘隴之(zhi)骨,岡阜(fu)之(zhi)支,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)所(suo)隨。經(jing)(jing)曰(yue):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)乘風(feng)(feng)則(ze)(ze)散(san),界水則(ze)(ze)止,古人(ren)(ren)聚(ju)之(zhi)使(shi)不散(san),行之(zhi)使(shi)有止。” 這(zhe)一段話,可(ke)謂風(feng)(feng)水的(de)總(zong)綱,而(er)(er)這(zhe)個總(zong)綱的(de)核心是氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)手段話,我們可(ke)知(zhi)風(feng)(feng)水師(shi)對氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)總(zong)看法(fa):生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)是一元運化氣(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)則(ze)(ze)周流六(liu)虛,在(zai)(zai)地(di)則(ze)(ze)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)萬物。天(tian)(tian)無(wu)此則(ze)(ze)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)以(yi)(yi)資地(di),地(di)無(wu)此則(ze)(ze)形(xing)無(wu)以(yi)(yi)載。生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)中(zhong),人(ren)(ren)不可(ke)見(jian),唯循地(di)之(zhi)理以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)之(zhi)。葬(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)若能知(zhi)其所(suo)在(zai)(zai),使(shi)枯骨得(de)以(yi)(yi)乘之(zhi),則(ze)(ze)能得(de)福(fu)。父母(mu)骸骨為子(zi)孫(sun)之(zhi)本(ben),子(zi)孫(sun)形(xing)體(ti)(ti)乃父母(mu)之(zhi)枝,本(ben)與枝相應(ying),得(de)吉則(ze)(ze)神靈安(an)、子(zi)孫(sun)盛(sheng),這(zhe)叫作“氣(qi)(qi)(qi)感(gan)而(er)(er)應(ying)鬼(gui)福(fu)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)”。

不論是陰宅還是陽宅,都要注意乘生氣、避死氣。《黃帝宅經》云:“每年有十二月,每月有生氣死氣之位。……正月生氣在于癸,死氣在午丁;二月生氣在丑艮,死氣在未坤;三月生在寅甲,死氣在申庚;四月生氣在卯乙,死氣在酉辛,五月生在辰巽,死氣在戌乾;六月生氣在已丙,死氣在亥壬;七月生在于丁,死氣在子癸,八月生氣在未坤,死氣在丑艮;九月生氣在申庚,死氣寅甲;十月生氣在酉辛,死氣在卯乙;免費大道家園月生在戌乾,死氣在辰巽;十二月生氣在亥壬,死氣在已丙。”這是說,每個月都有生氣和死氣,具體的方位,則是羅盤上用八卦、天干、地支表示的方位。風水先生看地時,手持羅盤,首先看清本月中生氣和死氣所在的方位,以生氣方位動土為吉,以死氣方位動土為兇。因此,“理氣”是風水術的關鍵之一。風水師認為,理寓于氣,氣固于形。形以目觀,氣須理察。天星卦氣,為乘氣之法則。以伏羲先天八卦(gua)(gua)配合陰陽,以文王(wang)后天八卦(gua)(gua)推排(pai)爻象(xiang)。以內卦(gua)(gua)為天地日月,六十卦(gua)(gua)為陰陽氣(qi)候。以各卦(gua)(gua)之下配分六十花(hua)甲子,并(bing)納五行,取(qu)其旺相(xiang),以合卦(gua)(gua)氣(qi),這(zhe)樣可以推知萬事萬物(wu)只要(yao)理氣(qi)適宜(yi),乘生出煞,消納控制,精(jing)辨入神,就(jiu)可達(da)到相(xiang)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。實際上,“理氣(qi)說”是(shi)虛無(wu)飄渺(miao)的(de),誰又能(neng)看得見氣(qi)?只能(neng)靠“意會”,這(zhe)就(jiu)憑風(feng)水師任意解釋了。

此外,又有望(wang)氣說(shuo)。宋(song)黃(huang)妙應《博山(shan)篇》云:“既明(ming)堂,要(yao)識堂氣。一(yi)白好(hao)(hao),五(wu)黃(huang)好(hao)(hao),六(liu)白好(hao)(hao),八白好(hao)(hao),九紫好(hao)(hao),此為五(wu)吉。又忌(ji)四兇,二黑宜忌(ji),三(san)碧宜忌(ji),四綠宜忌(ji),七赤宜忌(ji)。”這(zhe)種吉兇劃分(fen),不(bu)知依(yi)何為據(ju)(ju)。明(ming)繆希雍(yong)《葬經翼》有《望(wang)氣篇》,云:“凡山(shan)紫氣如(ru)蓋,蒼(cang)煙若浮,云蒸藹藹,四時彌留,皮(pi)無(wu)崩(beng)蝕(shi),色澤油(you)油(you),草木(mu)(mu)繁茂(mao),流(liu)泉(quan)甘(gan)冽,土香而膩,石(shi)潤而明(ming),如(ru)是者(zhe),氣方鐘而未休。云氣不(bu)騰,色澤暗淡,崩(beng)摧破裂,石(shi)枯土燥,草木(mu)(mu)零落,水泉(quan)干涸,如(ru)是者(zhe),非(fei)山(shan)岡之(zhi)斷絕于(yu)掘鑿,則生氣之(zhi)行乎(hu)他方。”據(ju)(ju)風(feng)水師說(shuo),望(wang)氣可以知道(dao)朝(chao)代更(geng)替、官場(chang)人事、家業興衰。卦建社(she)會的(de)統治者(zhe)很(hen)相信(xin)望(wang)氣說(shuo),其實,這(zhe)是毫無(wu)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)的(de)。

風水之陰陽

明(ming)(ming)(ming)陽(yang)(yang)本指日(ri)照(zhao)的向背,向日(ri)為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),背日(ri)為(wei)陰(yin),后來用以說明(ming)(ming)(ming)萬(wan)物(wu)的本源,說明(ming)(ming)(ming)相(xiang)互對立和(he)相(xiang)互消長(chang)的情況。《素問?陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)應象大(da)論》云:“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)者,天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)道也,萬(wan)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)綱紀(ji),變化之(zhi)(zhi)父母,生殺之(zhi)(zhi)本始,神明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)本府也。”人(ren)們將萬(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)物(wu)都歸于(yu)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)兩個(ge)方面:天(tian)(tian)為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),地(di)為(wei)陰(yin);日(ri)為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),月為(wei)陰(yin);至為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),去為(wei)陰(yin);動為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),靜(jing)為(wei)陰(yin);速為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),遲(chi)為(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming);晝為(wei)陽(yang)(yang),夜為(wei)陰(yin);等(deng)等(deng)。

風水術以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)陽(yang)解天地,《管氏地理指(zhi)蒙》卷八《陰(yin)陽(yang)釋微》云:“混沌(dun)開(kai)辟,江山延衰。融結陰(yin)陽(yang),磅礴(bo)宇宙(zhou)。岡(gang)骨既成(cheng),源脈已(yi)透。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鐘形勢,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通氣(qi)候。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)清以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)濁(zhuo),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奇以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偶。精積光芒,呈露星宿。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孽(nie)衰微,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孕(yun)福壽。”又說(shuo):“東(dong)南方,陽(yang)也。陽(yang)者,其(qi)精降于(yu)(yu)下。西北(bei)方,陰(yin)也。陰(yin)者,其(qi)精奉于(yu)(yu)上(shang)。”并且(qie)說(shuo)陰(yin)陽(yang)之氣(qi)不得有損傷:“陰(yin)陽(yang)之氣(qi)出于(yu)(yu)天造,非人力所能成(cheng)。一有增損,不但無(wu)益,且(qie)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)傷之也。膚腠割之,小者耳鼻傷之,大者傷至于(yu)(yu)丹元,則無(wu)用(yong)矣。”依照這個觀點(dian),風水先生很忌(ji)諱(hui)挖(wa)山開(kai)塘(tang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為傷了陰(yin)陽(yang)之氣(qi)。

風水先生又(you)認為(wei)(wei),人是由陰陽(yang)二氣(qi)派(pai)生出來,因此,人要適從于陰陽(yang),不得違背陰陽(yang),順者(zhe)昌,逆(ni)者(zhe)亡(wang)。俗語云:“大(da)(da)門朝南(nan),子孫不寒;大(da)(da)門朝北,子孫受罪。”南(nan)為(wei)(wei)陽(yang),北為(wei)(wei)陰;住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)朝南(nan),為(wei)(wei)陽(yang),有(you)吉。住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)朝北,為(wei)(wei)陰,有(you)兇。

相(xiang)地點(dian)穴(xue)離不開陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)。空石長者(zhe)《五星(xing)捉脈正變明(ming)圖》指出:“太極(ji)既定(ding),次又分(fen)其陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)。暈間(jian)凹陷(xian)者(zhe)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)穴(xue),暈間(jian)凸起(qi)者(zhe)為(wei)陽(yang)穴(xue)。就身作穴(xue)者(zhe)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)龍(long),宜(yi)陽(yang)穴(xue)。另起(qi)星(xing)峰(feng)作穴(xue)者(zhe)為(wei)陽(yang)龍(long),宜(yi)陰(yin)(yin)穴(xue),反(fan)此(ci)皆有兇咎。”

風水以陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)交感(gan)為吉。謝和卿《神(shen)寶(bao)經》云(yun):“陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作必(bi)借氣一(yi)吸(xi),陰(yin)作必(bi)借陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣一(yi)噓,即陰(yin)來(lai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)陰(yin)作之義(yi)。若(ruo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)受者(zhe)(zhe),則(ze)見(jian)福舒徐(xu);若(ruo)陰(yin)來(lai)陰(yin)受者(zhe)(zhe),則(ze)見(jian)禍慘急(ji)。”這就將(jiang)人事禍福與陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)聯系在一(yi)起(qi)了。不僅如此,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)還(huan)可以作為各種術語的(de)(de)(de)本義(yi)詞,如逆順(shun)(shun)即陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)別名。看地形時,“逆中取(qu)順(shun)(shun)者(zhe)(zhe),因脈(mo)逆轉而(er)求。順(shun)(shun)中取(qu)逆者(zhe)(zhe),因脈(mo)順(shun)(shun)流而(er)出。三(san)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從(cong)地起(qi)為逆,三(san)陰(yin)從(cong)天降為順(shun)(shun)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)脈(mo)為逆,陰(yin)脈(mo)為順(shun)(shun)。”陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)學說具(ju)有樸(pu)素的(de)(de)(de)辯證(zheng)法(fa)色(se)彩,是(shi)先哲認識世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)比較正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)思維方式(shi)。可是(shi),風水將(jiang)它與人事吉兇相附會,必(bi)然(ran)墮于詭辯的(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)坑。


風水之五行

五(wu)行(xing)學(xue)說,最早見于《尚書?洪范》:“五(wu)行(xing),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)水(shui),二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)火(huo)(huo),三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)木,四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)金(jin),五(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)土。水(shui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)潤下,火(huo)(huo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)炎上(shang),木曰(yue)(yue)(yue)曲(qu)直,金(jin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)從革,土愛稼穡。”五(wu)行(xing)之間相生(sheng)相克(ke)(ke)(ke),木生(sheng)火(huo)(huo),火(huo)(huo)生(sheng)土,土生(sheng)金(jin),金(jin)生(sheng)水(shui),水(shui)生(sheng)木;金(jin)克(ke)(ke)(ke)木,木克(ke)(ke)(ke)土,土克(ke)(ke)(ke)水(shui),水(shui)克(ke)(ke)(ke)火(huo)(huo),火(huo)(huo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)金(jin)。見圖,圓圈線(xian)表示相生(sheng)。五(wu)角線(xian)表示相克(ke)(ke)(ke)。五(wu)行(xing)學(xue)說具有樸素(su)的唯物辯證法思(si)想,它貫穿(chuan)于我(wo)國古代(dai)思(si)維現(xian)象的各個(ge)領域(yu)。

風(feng)水(shui)術認(ren)為,相(xiang)地奧妙,盡(jin)在(zai)(zai)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)之中(zhong)。山川形勢有直有曲,有方有圓,有闊(kuo)有狹,各(ge)具(ju)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)。概其要,惟測其氣驗其質(zhi)而已。質(zhi)以(yi)氣成,氣行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)中(zhong)。地理千變萬化, 關鍵在(zai)(zai)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)之氣。

風水(shui)(shui)五(wu)(wu)行(xing)有(you)許多分類(lei): 正五(wu)(wu)行(xing),其訣(jue)(jue)云(yun):東方木(mu),南方火,西方金(jin),北(bei)方水(shui)(shui),中央土(tu)(tu)。正五(wu)(wu)行(xing)用以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)方位。 八卦五(wu)(wu)行(xing),其訣(jue)(jue)云(yun):震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)庚(geng)亥未(wei)巽(xun)辛(xin)木(mu),乾(qian)(qian)甲兌(dui)(dui)丁巳丑金(jin),坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)癸(gui)申(shen)辰水(shui)(shui),離(li)(li)壬(ren)寅戌(xu)火,坤(kun)(kun)(kun)乙艮(gen)丙土(tu)(tu)。八卦五(wu)(wu)行(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)司形局。這(zhe)是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八卦配(pei)(pei)合(he)干支而(er)(er)論其所屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu),庚(geng)納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),亥朱合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)庚(geng)未(wei)俱(ju)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)。冀(ji)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu),辛(xin)納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冀(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)辛(xin)亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)。乾(qian)(qian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),甲納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)乾(qian)(qian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)甲屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),兌(dui)(dui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),丁納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兌(dui)(dui),巳丑合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兌(dui)(dui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)丁巳丑亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin)。坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),外(wai)(wai)陰而(er)(er)內陽(yang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)三(san)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)癸(gui)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)癸(gui)亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),申(shen)辰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)而(er)(er)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)。離(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火,外(wai)(wai)陽(yang)而(er)(er)內陰,故(gu)(gu)(gu)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)三(san)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壬(ren)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)壬(ren)亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火,寅戌(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)(li)而(er)(er)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)火。坤(kun)(kun)(kun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu),乙納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)坤(kun)(kun)(kun),故(gu)(gu)(gu)乙亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)。艮(gen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu),丙納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)艮(gen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)丙亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)洪范五(wu)(wu)行(xing),又(you)名(ming)宗廟五(wu)(wu)行(xing)、大五(wu)(wu)行(xing)。其訣(jue)(jue)云(yun):甲寅辰巽(xun)大江水(shui)(shui),戌(xu)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)申(shen)辛(xin)水(shui)(shui)亦同,震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)艮(gen)巳三(san)原屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu),離(li)(li)壬(ren)丙乙火為宗,兌(dui)(dui)丁乾(qian)(qian)亥金(jin)生(sheng)處,丑癸(gui)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)庚(geng)未(wei)土(tu)(tu)中。洪范五(wu)(wu)行(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)窮(qiong)山音。它以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八卦交(jiao)(jiao)通,演而(er)(er)伸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為二十四位五(wu)(wu)行(xing)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。所謂(wei)八卦變(bian)通,十分復(fu)雜(za),是由(you)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng):甲本(ben)(ben)屆木(mu),納(na)(na)(na)于(yu)(yu)(yu)乾(qian)(qian)宮與(yu)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)交(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)象(xiang)(xiang),甲隨坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)。乙本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu),納(na)(na)(na)于(yu)(yu)(yu)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)宮,與(yu)乾(qian)(qian)交(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)二爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)離(li)(li)象(xiang)(xiang),乙受(shou)離(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火。丙本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火,納(na)(na)(na)于(yu)(yu)(yu)艮(gen)宮,艮(gen)與(yu)兌(dui)(dui)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兌(dui)(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)良(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)又(you),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)離(li)(li)象(xiang)(xiang)。丙隨離(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火。丁本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火,納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)艮(gen)宮,兌(dui)(dui)與(yu)艮(gen)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兌(dui)(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao);交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)良(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)乾(qian)(qian)象(xiang)(xiang)。丁受(shou)乾(qian)(qian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin)。庚(geng)本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)與(yu)巽(xun)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巽(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)象(xiang)(xiang)。庚(geng)受(shou)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)。辛(xin)本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)巽(xun),巽(xun)與(yu)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)震(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)巽(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)象(xiang)(xiang)。辛(xin)受(shou)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)。壬(ren)本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)(li),離(li)(li)與(yu)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)離(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)乾(qian)(qian)象(xiang)(xiang)。壬(ren)受(shou)乾(qian)(qian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),本(ben)(ben)當(dang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin),因(yin)納(na)(na)(na)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)(li)火,火焰金(jin)消,不能自立,退而(er)(er)附于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)(li),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火。癸(gui)本(ben)(ben)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui);納(na)(na)(na)配(pei)(pei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan),坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)與(yu)離(li)(li)對(dui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)離(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)坎(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)(kan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)象(xiang)(xiang)。癸(gui)受(shou)坤(kun)(kun)(kun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),遂(sui)(sui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)。

以上三種是最常用(yong)的五行(xing),此(ci)外又有:

四(si)經五行。木居東,火居南(nan),金居西,水居北,各有(you)其位,惟土(tu)不屬(shu)四(si)方而居中(zhong)宮,風水術講究(jiu)坐山(shan)、向上(shang),舍棄(qi)中(zhong)宮。所以,五行實(shi)際上(shang)只用了四(si)行,故稱(cheng)四(si)經五行。

三(san)合(he)五行。由四經中以類(lei)合(he)而(er)得(de)名(ming)。寅午戌合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)局(ju)(ju)(ju),已(yi)酉丑合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)局(ju)(ju)(ju),申子(zi)辰合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)水局(ju)(ju)(ju),辛卯未合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)木局(ju)(ju)(ju),由生旺墓三(san)方結合(he)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),故名(ming)之三(san)合(he)五行。

四生(sheng)五(wu)行。四隅有四長(chang)生(sheng),甲木(mu)長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)亥,丙火長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)辰(chen);庚金長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)巳,壬水長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)申,乙木(mu)長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)午,丁火長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)酉,辛(xin)金長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)子,癸(gui)水長(chang)生(sheng)在(zai)卯。

雙山五行。兩字(zi)同宮(gong)合(he)(he)干(gan)支,以納音五行為(wei)(wei)標準(zhun)。如民丙辛合(he)(he)寅午戌為(wei)(wei)廉貞火,巽庚癸合(he)(he)巳(si)酉丑為(wei)(wei)武曲金,坤壬乙(yi)合(he)(he)申(shen)子辰(chen)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)曲水,乾甲乙(yi)合(he)(he)辛亥卯為(wei)(wei)貪狼木,俱屬(shu)二(er)字(zi)合(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)二(er)宮(gong),故名之雙山五行。

玄空五(wu)行。取生入克入,生出克出,以定吉兇。玄為(wei)(wei)神明變(bian)化(hua),空為(wei)(wei)無所(suo)倚著(zhu)。立穴定向(xiang),全憑虛靈(ling)之水法(fa),水性玄空。有訣(jue)云:丙丁乙酉原屬(shu)火,乾坤卯午金同生,亥癸艮甲是(shi)木神,戌庚丑未土為(wei)(wei)真,子寅辰(chen)巽辛兼(jian)已,申與壬方是(shi)水神。

此外,又有向上五(wu)行(xing)、納音五(wu)行(xing)、星度五(wu)行(xing)‘渾天五(wu)行(xing)、河圖五(wu)行(xing)、宿度五(wu)行(xing)、甲子五(wu)行(xing)、天干五(wu)行(xing)、地支五(wu)行(xing),不勝(sheng)枚舉。

風水中對五行的運用一直很混亂。宋代的褚泳在《祛疑說》指出:“向為先子卜地,遍叩日者,就參地理之學,雖各守其師說,深淺固朱易知。但二十四位之五行,亦有兩說,莫之適從。自古所用大五行,雖郭璞《元經》亦守其說,謂之山家五行。然先輩皆謂莫曉其立法之因,既無可考之理,古今豈肯通用而不疑者哉?近世蔣文舉只用正五行以配二十四位,壬癸亥子為水,丙丁已午為火,一如三命六壬之說,自謂得楊人參筠之學。又有蜀中一家,謂是希夷先生之傳,亦以子亥為水,已午為火,與蔣說同,而獨以壬位為火。”希夷先生即陳摶,他(ta)傳(chuan)授的(de)五行(xing)與楊(yang)筠(yun)松傳(chuan)授的(de)五行(xing)有同有異,沒有完全統(tong)一。 清朝康熙年(nian)間(jian),湯若(ruo)望、杜如預(yu)等人在選擇(ze)榮(rong)親王葬期時(shi),不(bu)用(yong)正五行(xing),而用(yong)洪范(fan)五行(xing),使山向、年(nian)月俱犯忌煞,得(de)罪(zui)了皇帝(di),險些殺頭。可見,選擇(ze)五行(xing)是很嚴肅(su)的(de)事情。

風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)師認為,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)是(shi)陰陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綱領(ling),造(zao)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權衡。拔砂、放水(shui)(shui)、辯方;立向都(dou)得依靠五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)。劉基在《堪輿(yu)漫興》敘述:“金(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)形體(ti)凈而(er)圓(yuan),弓起渾如月半(ban)邊。秀麗罵(ma)生忠義(yi)士,高雄威武掌兵權。木星(xing)(xing)(xing)身(shen)聳(song)萬人(ren)(ren)驚,倒(dao)地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)看一(yi)(yi)樹橫。有水(shui)(shui)令(ling)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)貴(gui)顯,歌斜不(bu)(bu)正反遭(zao)刑(xing)。漲天(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)浪交加,或落平(ping)(ping)洋曲似蛇(she)。智(zhi)巧(qiao)聰(cong)明多(duo)度量(liang),蕩然無制(zhi)敗人(ren)(ren)家。火(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)祖似蓮(lian)花,貪(tan)巨(ju)相承宰相家,只有開紅(hong)堪作(zuo)(zuo)穴,亦須(xu)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)出萌芽。土(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)高大厚而(er)端,牛背(bei)屏風(feng)(feng)總一(yi)(yi)般,若在后(hou)龍兼照(zhao)穴,兄弟父子(zi)并(bing)為官。火(huo)(huo)南水(shui)(shui)北木居東,西有金(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)在中。此(ci)(ci)謂五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)來聚講(jiang),天(tian)(tian)壤正氣福無窮(qiong)。”五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)中,金(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)圓(yuan)而(er)足(zu)闊,木星(xing)(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)圓(yuan)而(er)身(shen)直,水(shui)(shui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)平(ping)(ping)而(er)生浪,火(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)尖而(er)足(zu)闊,土(tu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)平(ping)(ping)而(er)體(ti)秀。用圖可表(biao)示為:不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)地(di)(di)形取決于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing),風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)術中的所有理論都(dou)要以五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)為指導。《管(guan)氏(shi)地(di)(di)理指蒙(meng)》說:“推星(xing)(xing)(xing)必由于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing),言天(tian)(tian)必由于(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu),仰佑(you)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)音。”此(ci)(ci)書(shu)又說:“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)位,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)獸(shou),此(ci)(ci)皆不(bu)(bu)可差而(er)不(bu)(bu)可易。”為什么風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)要如此(ci)(ci)重視五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)?此(ci)(ci)書(shu)論述說:“葬(zang)者(zhe)乃五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反本還元,歸根復命(ming),而(er)教化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達變(bian)也。嗣(si)續因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)盛衰消(xiao)長。”子(zi)孫的禍福,取決于(yu)葬(zang)者(zhe)的五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)盛,子(zi)孫長;五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)衰,子(zi)孫消(xiao)。

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